(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

时间:2023-01-06 18:35:36

Python3 字符串格式化 

字符串的格式化方法分为两种,分别为占位符(%)和format方式。占位符方式在Python2.x中用的比较广泛,随着Python3.x的使用越来越广,format方式使用的更加广泛。

一 占位符(%)

%% 百分号标记

%c 字符及其ASCII码

%s 字符串

%d 有符号整数(十进制)

%u 无符号整数(十进制)

%o 无符号整数(八进制)

%x 无符号整数(十六进制)

%X 无符号整数(十六进制大写字符)

%e 浮点数字(科学计数法)

%E 浮点数字(科学计数法,用E代替e)

%f 浮点数字(用小数点符号)

%g 浮点数字(根据值的大小采用%e或%f)

%G 浮点数字(类似于%g)

%p 指针(用十六进制打印值的内存地址)

%n 存储输出字符的数量放进参数列表的下一个变量中

%d

实例(Python3.0+):

age = 29
print("my age is %d" %age)
#my age is 29

%s

实例(Python3.0+):

name = "makes"
print("my name is %s" %name)
#my name is makes

%f

实例(Python3.0+):

print("%6.3f" % 2.3)
#2.300
print("%f" %2.3)
#2.300000

%% 

实例(Python3.0+):

tp1="percent %.2f %%" % 89.1234566
print (tp1)

#percent 89.12 %

%()type

实例(Python3.0+):

info="I am %(name)s , %(age)d years old ." %{"name":"Lucy","age":8}
print(info)

#I am Lucy , 8 years old

字符串格式控制%[(name)][flag][width][.][precision]type

name:可为空,数字(占位),命名(传递参数名,不能以数字开头)以字典格式映射格式化,其为键名

flag:标记格式限定符号,包含+-#0,+表示右对齐(会显示正负号),-左对齐,前面默认为填充空格(即默认右对齐),0表示填充0,#表示八进制时前面补充0,16进制数填充0x,二进制填充0b

width:宽度(最短长度,包含小数点,小于width时会填充)

precision:小数点后的位数,与C相同

type:输入格式类型,请看上面

info="I am %(name)-10s , %(age)d years old ." %{"name":"Lucy","age":8}
print(info)

#I am Lucy       , 8 years old .

补充:

user='root'
uid=0
gid=0
print(user,uid,gid,sep=":" )

#root:0:0

  

二 format方法

位置映射

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

实例(Python3.0+):

print("{}:{}".format('192.168.0.100',8888))
#192.168.0.100:8888

   

关键字映射

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

实例(Python3.0+):

print("{server}{1}:{0}".format(8888,'192.168.1.100',server='Web Server Info :'))
#Web Server Info :192.168.1.100:8888  

 

元素访问

 

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

实例(Python3.0+):

print("{0[0]}.{0[1]}".format(('baidu','com')))
#baidu.com 

  

填充对齐

  1. ^、<、>分别是居中、左对齐、右对齐

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

实例1(Python3.0+)

print("{0}*{1}={2:0>2}".format(3,2,2*3))

#3*2=06
 


print("{:*^30}".format('centered'))

#***********centered*********** 

 

实例2(Python3.0+):九九乘法表

for i in range(1,10):
    a = 1
    while a <= i:
        print("{0}*{1}={2:0>2}".format(a,i,a*i),end="\t")
        a +=1
    print()
     
"""
1*1=01 
1*2=02  2*2=04 
1*3=03  2*3=06  3*3=09 
1*4=04  2*4=08  3*4=12  4*4=16 
1*5=05  2*5=10  3*5=15  4*5=20  5*5=25 
1*6=06  2*6=12  3*6=18  4*6=24  5*6=30  6*6=36 
1*7=07  2*7=14  3*7=21  4*7=28  5*7=35  6*7=42  7*7=49 
1*8=08  2*8=16  3*8=24  4*8=32  5*8=40  6*8=48  7*8=56  8*8=64 
1*9=09  2*9=18  3*9=27  4*9=36  5*9=45  6*9=54  7*9=63  8*9=72  9*9=81 
"""

精度设置

(十四)Python3 字符串格式化

实例(Python3.0+):

print("{:.3f}".format(2.1415))
#2.142

print("{:.10f}".format(3.1415))
#3.1415000000

  

 更多使用:

print("{:,}".format(123456))#输出1234,56
 
print("{a:w^8}".format(a="8"))#输出www8wwww,填充w
 
print("%.5f" %5)#输出5.000000

print("%-7s3" %("python"))#输出python 3
 
print("%.3e" %2016)#输出2.016e+03,也可以写大E

print("%d %s" %(123456,"myblog"))#输出123456 myblog

print("%(what)s is %(year)d" % {"what":"this year","year":2016})#输出this year is 2016

print("{0}{1}".format("hello","fun"))#输出hellofun,这与CSharp的格式化字符(占位符)相似
 
print("{}{}{}".format("spkk",".","cn"))#输出spkk.cn

print("{a[0]}{a[1]}{a[2]}".format(a=["spkk",".","cn"]))#输出spkk.cn

print("{dict[host]}{dict[dot]}{dict[domain]}".format(dict={"host":"www","domain":"spkk.cn","dot":"."}))#输出www.spkk.cn

print("{a}{b}".format(a="python",b="3"))#输出python3

print("{who} {doing} {0}".format("python",doing="like",who="I"))#输出I like python

print ('number:{1:d}:{2:.2f}:{3:e}:{4:%}'.format(*[1,2,3000,4,5,])) #输出 number:2:3000.00:4.000000e+00:500.000000%

print ('number:{num:o}:{num:0>.2f}:{num:b}:{num:x}:{num:X}'.format(num=15)) #输出 number:17:15.00:1111:f:F

  

 1 print("{:,}".format(123456))#输出1234,56
 2 
 3 print("{a:w^8}".format(a="8"))#输出www8wwww,填充w
 4 
 5 print("%.5f" %5)#输出5.000000
 6 
 7 print("%-7s3" %("python"))#输出python 3
 8 
 9 print("%.3e" %2016)#输出2.016e+03,也可以写大E
10 
11 print("%d %s" %(123456,"myblog"))#输出123456 myblog
12 
13 print("%(what)s is %(year)d" % {"what":"this year","year":2016})#输出this year is 2016
14 
15 print("{0}{1}".format("hello","fun"))#输出hellofun,这与CSharp的格式化字符(占位符)相似
16 
17 print("{}{}{}".format("spkk",".","cn"))#输出spkk.cn
18 
19 print("{a[0]}{a[1]}{a[2]}".format(a=["spkk",".","cn"]))#输出spkk.cn
20 
21 print("{dict[host]}{dict[dot]}{dict[domain]}".format(dict={"host":"www","domain":"spkk.cn","dot":"."}))#输出www.spkk.cn
22 
23 print("{a}{b}".format(a="python",b="3"))#输出python3
24 
25 print("{who} {doing} {0}".format("python",doing="like",who="I"))#输出I like python