磁盘检验
fsck,badblocks
[root@xuhui ~]# fsck -f /dev/sda7
fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sda7 is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
[root@xuhui ~]# badblocks -sv /dev/sda5Checking blocks 0 to 2097151Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass completed, 0 bad blocks found.
2.fdisk创建磁盘分区
主分区，扩展分区，逻辑分区的概念
fdisk /dev/sda
常用参数：
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
t change a partition's system id
w write table to disk and exit
使用n新增分区，p打印分区，w保存分区，d删除分区，保存后使用partprobe完成，虚拟机环境还是需要重新启动系统来使分区生效。
格式化分区，mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda6
挂载mount /dev/sda6 /mnt
为了保证每次开机都可以自动重新挂载，须将相关信息写入/etc/fstab中。
[root@xuhui ~]# vim /etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Tue Apr 5 10:56:45 2016## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#UUID=bbfe4e63-7042-43eb-ac33-cd09b896a1b0 / ext4 defaults 1 1UUID=aa7b074a-5dfc-4667-bbcd-547f334d7fee /boot ext4 defaults 1 2UUID=ff5706bd-e2bc-4f0a-a56b-671c7a7a5790 /home ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota1 2UUID=951faf97-4225-4a4c-9fe3-aa34d52d2c97 swap swap defaults 0 0tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0proc /proc proc defaults 0 0/dev/sda7 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
mount相关命令
mount -o remount,rw /mnt
mount -o remount,ro /mnt
mount -o remount,noexec /mnt
mount -o remount,exec /mnt
umount取消挂载
增加swap分区
（1）增加分区，并将分区mkswap格式化为swap，swapon激活swap分区
（2）dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=100
mkswap file
swapon file
swapoff file
cat /proc/swaps查看所有swap
[root@xuhui ~]# cat /proc/swapsFilename Type Size Used Priority/dev/sda5 partition 2097144 0 -1