全站压缩,最大的好久就是帮客户端节省流量。
数据压缩,我们需要用到二个Java类,也就是java.util.zip 中的
类 GZIPOutputStream
此类为使用 GZIP 文件格式写入压缩数据实现流过滤器。
java.io
类 ByteArrayOutputStream
此类实现了一个输出流,其中的数据被写入一个 byte 数组。缓冲区会随着数据的不断写入而自动增长。可使用 toByteArray() 和 toString() 获取数据。
我们利用GZIPOutputStream(OutputStream out) 使用默认缓冲区大小创建新的输出流。
再用write(byte[] b)将 b.length 个字节写入此输出流。
也就是把数据压缩后写入ByteArrayOutputStream。
然后通过内存流输出到客户端。
简单演示:
也就是在一个servlet这样写:
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String str = "网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu";
System.out.println("原大小:" + str.getBytes("utf-8").length);
// 压缩输出--把源数据压缩输出到baout内存流中
ByteArrayOutputStream baout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(baout);
gout.write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
gout.close();
// 从baout内存流中把压缩后的数据取出来,输出到客户端
byte dest[] = baout.toByteArray();
System.out.println("压缩后的大小:" + dest.length);
//输出之前告诉客户端:我们的数据是gzip格式,然后输出
response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
response.setContentLength(dest.length);
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(dest);
out.close();
}
这样可以实现压缩,但是每次我们有一个servlet就要写一大长串的代码,很臃肿,也很麻烦,毕竟代码是一样的。而且还无法压缩jsp和html字符文件。
这个时候,我们就需要用到过滤器了。只要拦截所有的servlet和jsp/html就ok。只要写一次!很方便。
全站压缩实例:
index.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>过滤器应用示例---全站压缩</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>过滤器应用示例---全站压缩</h2>
<a href="<c:url value='/servlet/SecondServlet'/>">请求第二个servlet--用过滤器压缩输出字节流数据</a><br/><br/>
<a href="<c:url value='/servlet/ThirdServlet'/>">请求第三个servlet--用过滤器压缩输出字符流数据</a><br/><br/>
</body>
</html>
SecondServlet.java
package cn.hncu.servlets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String str = "网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu";
System.out.println("原大小:" + str.getBytes("utf-8").length);
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
//注意,虽然MyEclipse环境设置的是utf-8编码,但本句“str.getBytes()”却是以gbk方式编码---应该是Tomcat中的JVM采用的方式
}
}
ThirdServlet.java
package cn.hncu.servlets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ThirdServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String str="网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuh数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu网页压缩数据hncuhdncu";
System.out.println("原大小:"+ str.getBytes("utf-8").length);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//out.write(str);
out.println(str);
out.close();
}
}
GzipFilter.java
package cn.hncu.filter;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper;
public class GzipFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
MyResponse resp = new MyResponse((HttpServletResponse) response);
// 用增强版的resp放行到servlet中去用(让后台把数据 写到 baout中 )
chain.doFilter(request, resp);// 放行--让后台去写
// 从增强版的resp的baout中(存放的是源字节数据),把数据取出来进行压缩,
// 然后再压缩后的数据用原生的response输出到客户端
ByteArrayOutputStream baout = resp.getBaout();
byte bs[] = baout.toByteArray();// 源字节数据
System.out.println("压缩前大小:" + bs.length);
ByteArrayOutputStream baout2 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(baout2);
gout.write(bs);// 把数据压缩到baout中
gout.close();
bs = baout2.toByteArray();
System.out.println("压缩后大小:" + bs.length);
// 输出之前告诉客户端:我们的数据是gzip格式,然后输出
HttpServletResponse httpResp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
httpResp.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
httpResp.setContentLength(bs.length);
OutputStream out = httpResp.getOutputStream();
out.write(bs);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
class MyResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
private ByteArrayOutputStream baout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
public MyResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
super(response);
}
@Override
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
return new MyOutputStream(baout);
}
public ByteArrayOutputStream getBaout() {
if(pw!=null){
pw.flush();
//这里很重要,如果不flush或close,不把字符流刷出去,baout中是不会有数据的.
}
return baout;
}
private PrintWriter pw;
@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(baout, "utf-8"),true);
return pw;
}
}
class MyOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream {
private ByteArrayOutputStream baout = null;
public MyOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream baout) {
this.baout = baout;
}
@Override
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
baout.write(b);
}
}
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.hncu.filter.GzipFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>gzip</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FirstGzipServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.FirstGzipServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SecondServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.SecondServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ThirdServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.hncu.servlets.ThirdServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FirstGzipServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/FirstGzipServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SecondServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/SecondServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ThirdServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ThirdServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
用过滤器来做全站压缩,无论你怎么增加servlet,jsp,html,还是照原来的写,不用你增加代码,我们只要在过滤器中对你的数据进行压缩发送到前台去就可以了!!!
注意,过滤器中用了装饰模式。
完整项目源码:
https://github.com/chenhaoxiang/Java/tree/master/myGzipWeb
myGzipWeb.zip
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