ImportError：Python 3中没有名为“models”的模块

I have a new Python project, with a models.py file that looks like this:

我有一个新的Python项目，其models.py文件如下所示：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.validators import MinValueValidator, MaxValueValidator

class Metric(models.Model):
  users = models.ManyToManyField(User, through = 'Vote')
  name = models.CharField(max_length = 255)

class Vote(models.Model):
  metric = models.ForeignKey(Metric, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
  user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
  rating = models.IntegerField(validators = [MinValueValidator(0), MaxValueValidator(10)])
  email = models.EmailField

  def __str__(self):
    return str(self.rating)

and an admin.py file like this:

和这样的admin.py文件：

from django.contrib import admin
from models import Metric, Vote

admin.site.register(Metric)
admin.site.register(Vote)

When running this with Python 2.7.5, launching the app works fine. When I try to run it using Python 3.5.1, I get the error ImportError: No module named 'models', with this backtrace:

使用Python 2.7.5运行时，启动应用程序运行正常。当我尝试使用Python 3.5.1运行它时，我得到错误ImportError：没有名为'models'的模块，带有这个回溯：

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x103bd2b70>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 113, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 249, in raise_last_exception
    six.reraise(*_exception)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 115, in populate
    app_config.ready()
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/apps.py", line 23, in ready
    self.module.autodiscover()
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 26, in autodiscover
    autodiscover_modules('admin', register_to=site)
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 50, in autodiscover_modules
    import_module('%s.%s' % (app_config.name, module_to_search))
  File "/Users/sashacooper/pyenv/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 673, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 662, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/sashacooper/Desktop/pogroms/crockerometer2/crockerometer/admin.py", line 2, in <module>
    from models import Metric, Vote

I've tried adding from __future__ import absolute_import to the start of the admin.py file per similarly titled Stack Overflow posts but it didn't change the error. What's causing it?

我已经尝试从__future__ import absolute_import添加到admin.py文件的开头，每个类似标题的Stack Overflow帖子但它没有改变错误。是什么造成的？

3 个解决方案

#1

In Python 3 you must tell it when you are using relative imports:

在Python 3中，您必须在使用相对导入时告诉它：

from .models import ...

#2

try from .models import Metric, Vote in your admin.py

尝试从.models导入Metric，在admin.py中投票

#3

I have always used:

我一直用：

from myapp.models import ...

Rather than a relative import. Just my personal preference. Perhaps relative import makes more sense if it is the admin.py for myapp, but I still like the explicitness of having the app name in the import.

而不是相对导入。只是我个人的偏好。如果它是myapp的admin.py，也许相对导入更有意义，但我仍然喜欢在导入中使用应用程序名称的明确性。

#1