httprunner学习3-extract提取token值参数关联(上个接口返回的token，传给下个接口请求参数)

前言

如何将上个接口的返回token，传给下个接口当做请求参数?这是最常见的一个问题了。

解决这个问题其实很简单，我们只需取出token值，设置为一个中间变量a，下个接口传这个变量a就可以了。那么接下来就是解决两个问题：

• 如何取出token值？
• 如何参数关联？
  
  httprunner==1.5.8

场景案例

我现在有一个登陆接口A,登陆成功后返回一个token值。有一个获取绑定卡号的接口B，但是接口B必须要先登录后传登录的token才能访问

A接口登录接口文档基本信息

• 访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/login/
• 请求类型：POST
• 请求头部：application/json
• 请求参数：{"username":"test", "password":"123456"}

B接口获取绑定卡号的接口文档基本信息

• 访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/info/
• 请求类型：GET
• 请求头部：Content-Type: application/json
• 请求头部token参数： Authorization: Token xxxxx login token xxxxx

先不带token去访问接口B，使用命令行工具httpie测试接口

C:\Users\dell>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/info/
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 58
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2019 14:06:15 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept
WWW-Authenticate: Token
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "detail": "Authentication credentials were not provided."
}

不带token会提示没权限访问：401 Unauthorized

接口测试

先使用接口测试工具测试下，用postman,或者fiddler都可以，我这里为了查看报文信息方便，用httpie命令行工具

先访问接口A获取token值234af73571da46ade79ea6a74961b1d23d609b79

D:\>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/login/ username=test password=123456 -v
POST /api/v1/login/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 42
Content-Type: application/json
Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3

{
    "password": "123456",
    "username": "test"
}

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: POST, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 109
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2019 15:37:06 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "code": 0,
    "msg": "login success!",
    "token": "234af73571da46ade79ea6a74961b1d23d609b79",
    "username": "test"
}

传给下个接口B

D:\>http http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/info/ Authorization:"Token b7e02c959fbae4c2a0d9094f6f9b9a35fa8aaa1e" -v
GET /api/v1/user/info/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Authorization: Token b7e02c959fbae4c2a0d9094f6f9b9a35fa8aaa1e
Connection: keep-alive
Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
User-Agent: HTTPie/1.0.3

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 96
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2019 16:04:25 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.6.0
Vary: Accept
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "age": 20,
        "create_time": "2019-09-15",
        "id": 1,
        "mail": "[e-mail]",
        "name": "yoyo",
        "sex": "M"
    }
]

传头部参数用xx:xxxx格式，中间用冒号:，如：User-Agent:demo-agent/1.0 'Cookie:a=b;b=c' ,由于Authorization参数中间有空格，用双引号包起来

extract提取token

提取登录接口返回的token值，使用extract提取器

    extract:
        - token: content.token

下个接口的用例引用token参数使用$token,完整的用例test_info.yml如下

# 上海悠悠，QQ交流群：750815713
- config:
    name: logincase
    variables: {}
- test:
    name: login case1
    request:
        url: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/login/
        method: POST
        headers:
            Content-Type: application/json
            User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4
        json:
            username: test
            password: 123456
    extract:
        - token: content.token         # 提取token
    validate:
        - eq: [status_code, 200]
        - eq: [headers.Content-Type, application/json]
        - eq: [content.msg, login success!]
        - eq: [content.code, 0]
# 上海悠悠，QQ交流群：750815713
- test:
    name: get user info case1
    request:
        url: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/info/
        method: GET
        headers:
            Content-Type: application/json
            User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4
            Authorization: Token $token          # 引用token
    validate:
        - eq: [status_code, 200]
        - eq: [headers.Content-Type, application/json]
        - eq: [content.0.age, 20]
        - eq: [content.0.name, yoyo]
        - eq: [content.0.mail, [e-mail]]

运行用例

hrun test_info.yml

D:\soft\untitled>hrun test_info.yml
login case1
INFO     POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/login/
INFO     status_code: 200, response_time(ms): 516.0 ms, response_length: 109 bytes
INFO     start to extract from response object.
INFO     start to validate.
.
get user info case1
INFO     GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/user/info/
INFO     status_code: 200, response_time(ms): 188.8 ms, response_length: 96 bytes
INFO     start to validate.
.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.713s

OK
INFO     Start to render Html report ...
INFO     Generated Html report: D:\soft\untitled\reports\1569079832.html

查看report报告

打开report目录下生成的报告文件

打开报告详情，可以看到token引用成功了