1、这里是所有的内置方法的使用方法
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author : 何子辰
# 所有的内置方法总结
print('1.abs'.center(50,'*'))
# abs 绝对值
a = abs(-5)
print(a)
print('2.all'.center(50,'*'))
# all
# Return True if all elements of the
# iterable are true(or if the iterable
# is empty).
# 非0即真
print(all([0,-5,3]))
print('3.any'.center(50,'*'))
# any
# Return True if any element of the iterable
# is true. if the iterable is empty.Return
# False
print(any([1,-2,9]))
print(any([]))
print('4.ascii'.center(50,'*'))
# ascii
# return a string containing a printable of
# an object
print(ascii([1,2,"你好"]))
print(type(ascii([1,2,"你好"])))
# <class 'str'>
a = ascii([1,2])
print([a])
# ['[1, 2]']
print('5.bin'.center(50,'*'))
# bin
# 十进制转换二进制
print(bin(255))
print('5.bool'.center(50,'*'))
# bool
# Ture or false
print(bool(0))
print(bool(1))
print(bool([]))
print('6.bytearray'.center(50,'*'))
# bytearray
# Return a byte array
# bytearray 可修改二进制字节格式
a = bytes("abcde",encoding="utf-8")
print(a)
# b'abcde'
print(a.capitalize(),a)
# b'Abcde' b'abcde' 字符串不能修改，二进制字节更不能修改
b = bytearray("abcde",encoding="utf-8")
print(b[0]) # 97 a的ascii码
print(b[1])
b[1] = 100
print(b) # bytearray(b'adcde') b变成了d
print('7.callable'.center(50,'*'))
# Judge an object if it can be callable
print(callable([])) # 列表不能调用 *列表不能加括号
def sayhi():
pass
print(callable(sayhi)) # 函数可以调用
print('8.chr & ord'.center(50,'*'))
# 返回ascii码的对应表
print(chr(89)) #Y
print(chr(99)) #c
# 返回字符的ascii码
print(ord('b')) #98
print('9.classmethod'.center(50,'*'))
# 类方法
print('10.compile'.center(50,'*'))
# 底层代码编译过程
# 将字符串编译成可执行代码
# code = "for i in range(10): print(i）"
# compile(code,'','exec')
# >>> code = "for i in range(10):print(i)"
# >>> code
# 'for i in range(10):print(i)'
# >>>
# >>> compile(code,'','exec')
# <code object <module> at 0x00000000032E9F60, file "", line 1>
# >>> c = compile(code,'','exec') # 执行器 exec
# >>> exec(c)
# 0
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 5
# 6
# 7
# 8
# 9
# >>>
# >>> code = "1+3/6"
# >>> c = compile(code,'','eval') # 执行器eval
# >>> eval(c)
# 1.5
# 等价于import一个模块 实现了动态导入
code = '''
def Fibonaci(max):
n,a,b = 0,0,1
while (n < max):
print(b)
a,b = b,a + b
# 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b
# 相当于 t = (b,a+b)
# a = t[0]
# b = t[1]
n = n+1
return 'done'
Fibonaci(20)
'''
py_obj = compile(code,"err.log","exec") # 编译
exec(py_obj)
# exec(code) # 妈蛋的直接用exec就可以执行....
print('11.dir'.center(50,'*'))
# dir
# 查看一个object有哪些方法
b = {}
print(dir(b))
print('12.divmod'.center(50,'*'))
# 相除并返回余数
# >>> divmod(5,2)
# (2, 1)
# >>> divmod(123,3)
# (41, 0)
# >>>
print('13.eval'.center(50,'*'))
# 简单数据运算
x = 1
print(eval('x+1'))
print('14.exec'.center(50,'*'))
code = '''
def Fibonaci(max):
n,a,b = 0,0,1
while (n < max):
print(b)
a,b = b,a + b
# 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b
# 相当于 t = (b,a+b)
# a = t[0]
# b = t[1]
n = n+1
return 'done'
'''
exec(code)
# 首先关于匿名函数
def sayhi(n):
print(n)
sayhi(3)
# 转成匿名函数
# 匿名函数 处理简单语句
# 传参数
(lambda n:print(n))(5)
calc = lambda n:print(n)
calc(5)
# 三元运算
calc = lambda n:3 if n<4 else n
print(calc(2))
print('14.filter'.center(50,'*'))
# filter
# Function: 一组数据中过滤出用户想要的
res = filter(lambda n:n>5,range(10))
# 此时变成迭代器，需要循环打印
for i in res:
print(i)
print('15.map'.center(50,'*'))
# map
# map对传入的每一个值，按照func的形式处理
res1 = map(lambda n:n*n,range(10))
# [i*2 for i in range(10)]
for i in res1:
print(i)
res2 = [ lambda i2:i2*2 for i2 in range(10) ]
for i in res2:
print(i)
import functools # 2.7还是内置方法
print('16.reduce'.center(50,'*'))
# reduce
res = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,range(10))
# 累加器，从1加到10
print(res)
res2 = functools.reduce(lambda x,y:x*y,range(1,10))
print(res2) #362880 累乘
print('17.frozenset'.center(50,'*'))
# frozenset
# 集合冻结
# 集合不可变
a = frozenset([1,4,333,22,112,345,551,2,34])
print('18.globles'.center(50,'*'))
print(globals())
# 打印的是当前所有程序的keyvalue格式
print('19.hash'.center(50,'*'))
# hash
# 散列转为有序 1 2 3 4 5
# 固定的映射关系
print(hash("哈哈哈"))
#548739204797215059 固定对应关系
print('20.hex'.center(50,'*'))
# 转16进制
print(hex(255))
#0xff
print('21.local'.center(50,'*'))
# local
# 局部变量
#
def test():
local_var=333
print(locals())
print(globals())
print(globals().get('local_var'))
test()
print(globals())
print(globals().get('local_var'))
print('22.oct'.center(50,'*'))
# 转8进制
print(oct(1),oct(19),oct(8))
#0o1 0o23 0o10
print('23.pow'.center(50,'*'))
# pow(x,y) x**y x的y
#
print(pow(3,5))
#243
print('24.round'.center(50,'*'))
# round(float,N） 浮点数保留N位小数点
print(round(1.3342,3))
# 1.334
print('25.slice'.center(50,'*'))
d = range(20)
slice(1,6,None)
k = d[slice(1,6,None)]
for i in k:
print(i)
# Output 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# 5
print('26.sorted'.center(50,'*'))
a = {1:'alex',2:'June',3:'Allen',7:'Cook',10:'alex',
17:'Yunny'}
print(a)
# {1: 'alex', 2: 'June', 3: 'Allen', 17: 'Yunny', 7: 'Cook', 10: 'alex'}
# 字典的无序性
# 给字典排序
print(sorted(a))
# out:[1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17]发现排的是key值
# 列表是有序的
# 用items 将其key值对应的值取出
print(sorted(a.items()))
# [(1, 'alex'), (2, 'June'), (3, 'Allen'),
# (7, 'Cook'), (10, 'alex'), (17, 'Yunny')]
# 按value来排序
b = {1:12,2:50,3:47,7:58,10:96,17:99}
print(sorted(b.items(),key = lambda x:x[1]))
# output[(1, 12), (3, 47), (2, 50), (7, 58),
# (10, 96), (17, 99)]
print('27.vars'.center(50,'*'))
# 返回对象所有的属性名
print('28.zip'.center(50,'*'))
a = [1,2,3,4]
b = ['a','b','c','d']
# 列表a 和 b组合
zip(a,b)
print(zip(a,b))
# <zip object at 0x0000000002E9B8C8> 迭代器！
for i in zip(a,b):
print(i)
# (1, 'a')
# (2, 'b')
# (3, 'c')
# (4, 'd')
# a多 b少
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
b = ['a','b','c','d']
# 列表a 和 b组合
zip(a,b)
print(zip(a,b))
# <zip object at 0x0000000002E9B8C8> 迭代器！
for i in zip(a,b):
print(i)
# (1, 'a')
# (2, 'b')
# (3, 'c')
# (4, 'd')
print('29.import'.center(50,'*'))
# 只知道字符串的导入
__import__('time')
2.上述程序的执行结果
F:\Python3.4\python.exe F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py
**********************1.abs***********************
5
**********************2.all***********************
False
**********************3.any***********************
True
False
*********************4.ascii**********************
[1, 2, '\u4f60\u597d']
<class 'str'>
['[1, 2]']
**********************5.bin***********************
0b11111111
**********************5.bool**********************
False
True
False
*******************6.bytearray********************
b'abcde'
b'Abcde' b'abcde'
97
98
bytearray(b'adcde')
********************7.callable********************
False
True
*******************8.chr & ord********************
Y
c
98
******************9.classmethod*******************
********************10.compile********************
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89
144
233
377
610
987
1597
2584
4181
6765
**********************11.dir**********************
['__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'items', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values']
********************12.divmod*********************
*********************13.eval**********************
2
*********************14.exec**********************
3
5
5
3
********************14.filter*********************
6
7
8
9
**********************15.map**********************
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x00000000035ECF28>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E048>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E0D0>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E158>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E1E0>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E268>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E2F0>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E378>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E400>
<function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>
********************16.reduce*********************
45
362880
*******************17.frozenset*******************
********************18.globles********************
{'res': 45, '__cached__': None, '__package__': None, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'a': frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), 'code': "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return 'done'\n", '__doc__': None, '__spec__': None, 'res1': <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, 'x': 1, '__file__': 'F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py', 'i': <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, '__name__': '__main__', 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, 'functools': <module 'functools' from 'F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py'>, 'calc': <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, 'res2': 362880, 'b': {}, 'py_obj': <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, 'Fibonaci': <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>}
*********************19.hash**********************
-8893542816850288741
**********************20.hex**********************
0xff
*********************21.local*********************
{'local_var': 333}
{'__loader__': <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, '__cached__': None, 'a': frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), 'res1': <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, '__spec__': None, '__file__': 'F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py', '__package__': None, '__doc__': None, 'res2': 362880, 'py_obj': <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, 'test': <function test at 0x00000000035ECF28>, 'Fibonaci': <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>, 'res': 45, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'i': <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, 'code': "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return 'done'\n", 'x': 1, '__name__': '__main__', 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, 'functools': <module 'functools' from 'F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py'>, 'calc': <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, 'b': {}}
None
{'__loader__': <_frozen_importlib.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000000003595048>, '__cached__': None, 'a': frozenset({1, 2, 34, 4, 551, 333, 112, 22, 345}), 'res1': <map object at 0x00000000035FC2E8>, '__spec__': None, '__file__': 'F:/PyCharm5/Code/day21/内置函数.py', '__package__': None, '__doc__': None, 'res2': 362880, 'py_obj': <code object <module> at 0x00000000035F1660, file "err.log", line 2>, 'test': <function test at 0x00000000035ECF28>, 'Fibonaci': <function Fibonaci at 0x00000000035ECD08>, 'res': 45, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'i': <function <listcomp>.<lambda> at 0x000000000360E488>, 'code': "\ndef Fibonaci(max):\n n,a,b = 0,0,1\n while (n < max):\n print(b)\n a,b = b,a + b\n # 不相当于 a = b; b = a+b\n # 相当于 t = (b,a+b)\n # a = t[0]\n # b = t[1]\n n = n+1\n return 'done'\n", 'x': 1, '__name__': '__main__', 'sayhi': <function sayhi at 0x00000000035ECC80>, 'functools': <module 'functools' from 'F:\\Python3.4\\lib\\functools.py'>, 'calc': <function <lambda> at 0x00000000035ECD90>, 'b': {}}
None
**********************22.oct**********************
0o1 0o23 0o10
**********************23.pow**********************
243
*********************24.round*********************
1.334
*********************25.slice*********************
1
2
3
4
5
********************26.sorted*********************
{1: 'alex', 2: 'June', 3: 'Allen', 17: 'Yunny', 7: 'Cook', 10: 'alex'}
[1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17]
[(1, 'alex'), (2, 'June'), (3, 'Allen'), (7, 'Cook'), (10, 'alex'), (17, 'Yunny')]
[(1, 12), (3, 47), (2, 50), (7, 58), (10, 96), (17, 99)]
*********************27.vars**********************
**********************28.zip**********************
<zip object at 0x000000000360B9C8>
(1, 'a')
(2, 'b')
(3, 'c')
(4, 'd')
<zip object at 0x000000000360B9C8>
(1, 'a')
(2, 'b')
(3, 'c')
(4, 'd')
********************29.import*********************
Process finished with exit code 0