s3c2440的USB主机控制器

时间:2021-05-05 17:31:32

s3c2440提供了USB主机接口,它与OHCI v1.0完全兼容。要使用该功能,就必须熟悉OHCI v1.0规范;而要熟悉OHCI v1.0规范,那么还必须先熟悉USB v1.1协议。因此涉及到该部分的内容较多,要想正确使用s3c2440所提供的USB主机接口也不是一件容易的事情。在这里,我主要介绍USB设备枚举过程中所涉及到的一些知识,并给出具体的实现程序。

 

       OHCI(Open HCI)是目前使用比较广泛的三种USB主机控制器规范之一。USB体系结构是由四个主要部分组成:客户软件/USB驱动,主机控制器驱动(HCD),主机控制器(HC)和USB驱动。前两者由软件实现,后两者由硬件实现。而OHCI就是规范了主机控制器驱动和主机控制器之间的接口,以及它们的基本操作。在主机控制器驱动和主机控制器之间,有两个通信通道,第一个是应用位于HC的一套可操作寄存器,它们包括控制寄存器、状态寄存器和列表指针寄存器;另一个通道是应用称为主机控制器通信域(HCCA)的共享内存。

 

       USB定义了四种数据传输类型:控制传输、批量传输、中断传输和同步传输。在OHCI规范中把数据传输类型分为两类:周期传输和非周期传输。同步传输和中断传输属于周期传输,控制传输和批量传输属于非周期传输。USB定义了每帧的周期为1.0毫秒,为了保证每一帧都能发生周期传输和非周期传输,一般地,OHCI把每一帧的带宽分为四个部分,首先是发送SOF,然后是非周期传输,紧接着是周期传输,如果周期传输完毕后,还有时间,则剩余的时间仍然留给非周期传输。

 

       端点描述符(ED)和传输描述符(TD)是两个最基本的通信模块。ED包含了一个端点的信息,它被HC用来管理使用端点。ED的典型参数包括端点地址、传输速度、最大数据包大小,另外ED还提供了TD链表的停靠地(锚点)。TD是一个依赖于ED的内存缓存区,用于与端点之间进行数据传输。当HC存取一个ED,并且找到一个有效的TD地址时,则HC就完成了一个简单的与端点之间的传输任务,这个端点是由ED确定,而所存取的数据内存地址由TD指定。当所有的被TD所定义的数据传输完毕后,TD就从ED中解链出来,并链接到完成列表中。这个完成列表能够被HCD所处理,以提供一些完成信息。

 

       ED的数据结构长度为16字节,它的数据域有:

FA:USB的功能地址;

EN:USB功能内的端点地址;

D:数据流的传输方向,是IN,OUT,还是有TD来决定传输方向;

S:速度,全速还是低速;

K:用于设置跳过当前ED;

F:链接于ED的TD的形式,是通用TD格式还是同步TD格式;

MPS:数据传输的最大字节大小;

TailP:TD列表的尾指针;

H:用于停止当前TD列表的处理;

C:数据翻转进位位;

HeadP:TD列表的头指针;

NextED:下一个要处理的ED指针。

 

根据上述说明,我们可以定义ED为下面的数据类型:

typedef struct _ED {

       volatile unsigned int Control;

       volatile unsigned int TailP;

       volatile unsigned int HeadP;

       volatile unsigned int NextEd;

} ED, *P_ED;

 

       由于ED必须是16字节地址对齐形式,因此我们必须用下面的形式来声明它的变量:

__align(16) ED ed;

 

       我们可以用下面的函数来创建一个ED:

__inline void CreateEd(

       unsigned int EDAddr,                  //ED地址指针

       unsigned int MaxPacket,                     //MPS

       unsigned int TDFormat,               //F

       unsigned int Skip,                       //K

       unsigned int Speed,                            //S

       unsigned int Direction,                 //D

       unsigned int EndPt,                            //EN

       unsigned int FuncAddress,            //FA

       unsigned int TDQTailPntr,            //TailP

       unsigned int TDQHeadPntr,          //HeadP

       unsigned int ToggleCarry,             //C

       unsigned int NextED)                  //NextED

{

       P_ED pED = (P_ED) EDAddr;

pED->Control = (MaxPacket << 16) | (TDFormat << 15) |(Skip << 14) | (Speed << 13)

| Direction << 11) | (EndPt << 7) | FuncAddress;

       pED->TailP = (TDQTailPntr & 0xFFFFFFF0);

       pED->HeadP = (TDQHeadPntr & 0xFFFFFFF0) | (ToggleCarry << 1);

       pED->NextEd = (NextED & 0xFFFFFFF0);

}

 

TD共有两种类型:通用TD和同步TD。通用TD用于中断、控制和批量端点,同步TD用于同步传输。在这里,我们只给出通用TD的数据结构和定义。

 

通用TD的数据结构长度也是16字节,它的数据域有:

R:缓存凑整,用于设置是否需要最后一个数据包的长度与所定义的长度一致;

DP:方向,是IN,OUT,还是SETUP;

DI:延时中断;

T:数据翻转;

EC:传输错误计数;

CC:条件码,为上一次企图传输的状态;

CBP:将要被传输的数据内存物理地址;

NextTD:下一个TD;

BE:将要被传输的数据内存物理末字节地址;

 

根据上述说明,我们可以定义通用TD为下面的数据类型:

typedef struct _TD {

       volatile unsigned int Control;

       volatile unsigned int CBP;

       volatile unsigned int NextTD;

       volatile unsigned int BE;

} TD, *P_TD;

 

由于通用TD必须是16字节地址对齐形式,因此我们必须用下面的形式来声明它的变量:

__align(16) TD td[4];

 

我们可以用下面的函数来创建一个通用TD:

__inline void CreateGenTd(

       unsigned int GenTdAddr,                    //TD地址指针

       unsigned int DataToggle,                     //T

       unsigned int DelayInterrupt,                //DI

       unsigned int Direction,                        //DP

       unsigned int BufRnding,                            //R

       unsigned int CurBufPtr,                      //CBP

       unsigned int NextTD,                          //NextTD

       unsigned int BuffLen)                         //被传输的数据长度,由该变量可以得到BE

{

       P_TD pTD = (P_TD) GenTdAddr;

       pTD->Control = (DataToggle << 24) | (DelayInterrupt << 21)

| (Direction << 19) | (BufRnding << 18);

       pTD->CBP = CurBufPtr;

       pTD->NextTD = (NextTD & 0xFFFFFFF0);

       pTD->BE = (BuffLen) ? CurBufPtr + BuffLen - 1 : CurBufPtr;

}

 

       下面我们给出HCCA的数据结构,它的长度为256字节,包括128字节的HCCA中断表,2字节的HCCA帧数,2字节的HCCA便签(表示HC是否正在更新HCCA帧数),4字节的HCCA完成队列头指针,以及116字节的保留区。根据上述说明,我们可以定义HCCA为下面的数据类型:

typedef struct _HCCA {

       volatile unsigned int HccaInterruptTable[32];

       volatile unsigned short HccaFrameNumber;

       volatile unsigned short HccaPad1;

       volatile unsigned int HccaDoneHead;

       volatile unsigned char reserved[116];

} HCCA, *P_HCCA;

 

由于HCCA必须是256字节地址对齐形式,因此我们必须用下面的形式来声明它的变量:

__align(256) HCCA hcca;

 

       OHCI是基于寄存器层描述的USB主机控制器的规范,因此HC包含了一些片内可操作寄存器,这些寄存器同样可以被HCD所使用。下面我们就简单介绍OHCI中的寄存器。

HcRevision:HCI规范版本;

HcControl:HC的操作模式,CBSR——在非周期队列中,被服务的控制ED与批量ED之间的比例;CLE——下一帧控制队列处理使能;HCFS——USB主机控制器功能状态,包括复位、重新开始、操作和中止;

HcCommandStatus:HC接收来至HCD的命令,也可反映HC的当前状态,HCR——软件复位HC;CLF——确定是否有控制队列TD;

HcInterruptStatus:提供各种能够触发硬件中断事件的状态;

HcInterruptEnable:使能用于控制产生硬件中断事件的位;

HcInterruptDisable:无效用于控制产生硬件中断事件的位

HcHCCA:HCCA的物理地址;

HcPeriodCurrentED:当前同步或中断ED的物理地址;

HcControlHeadED:控制队列的第一个ED的物理地址;

HcControlCurrentED:当前控制对立ED的物理地址;

HcBulkHeadED:批量队列的第一个ED的物理地址;

HcBulkCurrentED:当前批量对立ED的物理地址;

HcDoneHead:被添加在完成队列中的最近一个TD的物理地址;

HcFmInterval:包含一个14位的FI——用于表示一帧之内所占用的比特时间,2个连续的SOFs,和一个15位PSMPS——用于表示在没有引发调度溢出下可发送或接收全速最大包大小,FI,PSMPS的推荐值为 0x2EDF和0x2778。

HcFmRemaining:14位的倒计数器,以表示当前帧所剩时间;

HcFmNumber:16位计数器,以提供时序参考;

HcPeriodicStart:14位可编程数值,以确定HC在什么时间开始执行周期队列;

HcLSThreshold:11位数值,用于确定是否在EOF之前执行最大8位LS包传输;

HcRhDescriptorA:第一个对跟集线器进行描述的寄存器;

HcRhDescriptorB:第二个对跟集线器进行描述的寄存器;

HcRhStatus:包括集线器状态域和集线器状态更改域;

HcRhPortStstus[1:NDP]:用于控制和报告每个端口上的事件,在s3c2440中,NDP为2

 

       下面给出OHCI的初始化,它都是基于寄存器的。根据OHCI规范,HCD应该完成下列初始化步骤:

● 初始化HCCA数据内存单元

● 初始化可操作寄存器,以匹配当前设备数据状态

● 设置HcHCCA

● 设置HcInterruptEnable

● 设置HcControl

● 设置HcPeriodicStart

      

       结合本文所介绍的实际内容,OHCI的初始化函数为:

void OHCIInit( )

{

       unsigned int fminterval;

 

       //复位

rHcControl = 0;

       //写HCCA

       rHcHCCA = (volatile unsigned )&hcca;

      

       //设置帧间隔

       fminterval = 0x2edf;

       rHcFmInterval =((((fminterval - 210) * 6) / 7) << 16)| fminterval;

       rHcPeriodicStart= (fminterval * 9) / 10;

 

       //初始化HcDoneHead

       rHcDoneHead = 0x00;

       hcca.HccaDoneHead = 0x0000;

   

//设置HC为运行状态

       rHcControl = 0x80;

}

 

       主机对USB设备的识别过程称为设备枚举,因此枚举对于USB至关重要。在本文,只进行下列简单的5步枚举过程:

1、主机要求得到设备描述符,SETUP数据包为:0x80, 0x06,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,得到的数据长度最大为0x40;

2、第二个SETUP包是为设备分配一个地址,内容一般为:0x00,0x05,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00。其中的02表示为设备分配的地址为0x02,以后我们再对该设备操作时,就只能使用0x02这个地址值;

3、主机用新的地址再次获取设备描述符,SETUP包为:0x80,0x06,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x12,0x00,与上次不同,这次得到数据长度时实际的数据长度0x12;

4、主机读取设备全部配置描述符,SETUP包为:0x80,0x06,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00,由于主机不知道设备描述符的长度,因此这里只要求得到0x40个字节;

5、主机发送SETUP数据包:0x00,0x09,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,用以设置配置,允许所有端点进入工作状态。

对USB设备枚举我们只做了简单的介绍,关于枚举的其他步骤以及SETUP数据包各个字节的具体含义,请阅读USB协议的第9章。

 

       下面我们就主要介绍OHCI规范是如何完成USB设备枚举的。前面我们已经介绍过了,OHCI数据传输主要依靠ED和TD,其中TD是挂靠在ED上的。ED主要用来设置传输的各种参数,TD则主要负责具体的数据传输。根据USB协议,USB的设备枚举只涉及控制传输。控制传输最少有两个事务阶段:建立和状态,控制传输可以有选择性地包括建立和状态阶段之间的数据阶段。在这里,控制写传输不需要数据阶段,而控制读需要在建立和状态之间添加主机要读取到的数据。一般来说,完成一次控制写传输需要3个TD:第一个发送Setup包,第二个用于接收握手或零长度的数据包,第三个用于发送状态;而完成一次控制读传输需要4个TD:第一个发送Setup包,第二个用于接收数据,第三个用于发送一个零长度的数据包,,第四个用于接收状态。

 

       下面给出具体的USB设备枚举的函数。在进行枚举之前,主机一定要确认有USB设备的存在。正确情况下,在确认过程中,如果在一段给定时间没有检测到设备,则主机认为没有USB设备。“一段给定的时间”应该由定时器来完成。在这里,为了简化程序,我们只用计数来代替定时。

int USB_Enum()

{

       int i;

       //判断有无USB设备

       for(i=0;i<100000;i++)

       {

              if (rHcRhPortStatus1 & 0x01)

              {

                     rHcRhPortStatus1 = (1 << 4);      // 端口复位

                     while (rHcRhPortStatus1 & (1 << 4))

                            ;            // 等待复位结束

                     rHcRhPortStatus1 = (1 << 1);      // 使能该端口

                     break;

              }

              else if (rHcRhPortStatus2 & 0x01)

              {

                     rHcRhPortStatus2 = (1 << 4);      // 端口复位

                     while (rHcRhPortStatus2 & (1 << 4))

                            ;            // 等待复位结束

                     rHcRhPortStatus2 = (1 << 1);      // 使能该端口

                     break;

              }           

       }

      

       if (i>90000)

              return 0x44;

      

       //第一步,主机得到设备描述符

       CreateEd(

              (unsigned int) &ed,       // ED Address

              64,                        // Max packet

              0,                         // TD format

              0,                         // Skip

              0,                         // Speed

              0x0,                      // Direction

              0x0,                      // Endpoint

              0x0,                      // Func Address,初始为0

              (unsigned int) &td[3],                  // TDQTailPointer

              (unsigned int) &td[0],                  // TDQHeadPointer

              0,                         // ToggleCarry

              0x0);                     // NextED

 

       // 建立PID

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[0],                  // TD Address

              2,                         // Data Toggle

              0x2,                      // DelayInterrupt

              0x0,                      // Direction

              1,                         // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pSetup1,         // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        //const char pSetup1[8] = {0x80,0x06,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00};

              (unsigned int) &td[1],           // Next TD

              8);                        // Buffer Length

 

       // 接收数据

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[1],           // TD Address

              0,                         // Data Toggle

              0x2,                      // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,                      // Direction

              1,                         // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pData1,          // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        // char pData1[0x40]; 通过读取该数组,可以获知设备描述符

              (unsigned int) &td[2],           // Next TD

              0x40);                   // Buffer Length

 

       // 零长度数据包

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[2],                  // TD Address

              3,                         // Data Toggle

              0x2,                      // DelayInterrupt

              0x1,                      // Direction

              1,                         // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,                      // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) &td[3],                  // Next TD

              0x0);                     // Buffer Length

      

//接收状态

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[3],           // TD Address

              3,                         // Data Toggle

              0x2,                      // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,                      // Direction

              1,                         // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,                      // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) 0,                   // Next TD

              0x0);                     // Buffer Length

             

       //设置寄存器

       rHcControlHeadED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControlCurrentED = (unsigned int )& ed;

 

       // 控制列表处理使能,开始工作

       rHcControl = 0x90;

      

       //通知HC控制列表已填充

       rHcCommandStatus = 0x02;

      

 

       //第二步 为设备分配地址

       CreateEd(

(unsigned int) &ed,                     // ED Address

64,                        // Max packet

0,                         // TD format

0,                         // Skip

0,                         // Speed

0x0,                      // Direction

0,                         // Endpoint

0,                         // Func Address

(unsigned int) &td[2],           // TDQTailPointer

(unsigned int) &td[0],           // TDQHeadPointer

0,                         // ToggleCarry

0x0);                     // NextED

   

//建立PID

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[0],           // TD Address

2,                         // Data Toggle

2,                         // DelayInterrupt

0,                         // Direction

1,                         // Buffer Rounding

(unsigned int) pSetup2,               // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        //const char pSetup2[8] = {0x00,0x05,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};

(unsigned int) &td[1],           // Next TD

8);                        // Buffer Length

 

//接收零长度数据包

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[1],           // TD Address

0,                         // Data Toggle

2,                         // DelayInterrupt

2,                         // Direction

1,                         // Buffer Rounding

(unsigned int) 0,                   // Current Buffer Pointer

(unsigned int) &td[2],           // Next TD

0);                        // Buffer Length

 

//发送状态

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[2],           // TD Address

3,                         // Data Toggle

2,                         // DelayInterrupt

1,                         // Direction

1,                         // Buffer Rounding

0x0,                      // Current Buffer Pointer

(unsigned int) 0,            // Next TD

0x0);                     // Buffer Length

 

       rHcControlHeadED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControlCurrentED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControl = 0x90;

       rHcCommandStatus = 0x02;

 

       //第三步,主机用新的地址再次获取设备描述符

       CreateEd(

              (unsigned int) &ed, // ED Address

              64,      // Max packet

              0,      // TD format

              0,      // Skip

              0,      // Speed

              0x0,    // Direction

              0x0,    // Endpoint

              0x2,    // Func Address,新的地址

              (unsigned int) &td[3],    // TDQTailPointer

              (unsigned int) &td[0],    // TDQHeadPointer

              0,      // ToggleCarry

              0x0);   // NextED

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[0],    // TD Address

              2,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x0,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pSetup3,               // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        //const char pSetup3[8] = {0x80,0x06,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x12,0x00};

              (unsigned int) &td[1],    // Next TD

              8);     // Buffer Length

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[1],    // TD Address

              0,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pData3,          // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        // char pData3[0x12]; 通过读取该数组,可以获知设备描述符

              (unsigned int) &td[2],    // Next TD

              0x12);  // Buffer Length

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[2],    // TD Address

              3,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x1,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,    // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) &td[3],   // Next TD

              0x0);   // Buffer Length

      

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[3],    // TD Address

              3,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,    // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) 0,   // Next TD

              0x0);   // Buffer Length

             

       rHcControlHeadED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControlCurrentED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControl = 0x90;

       rHcCommandStatus = 0x02;

      

       //第四步,主机读取设备全部配置描述符

       CreateEd(

              (unsigned int) &ed, // ED Address

              64,      // Max packet

              0,      // TD format

              0,      // Skip

              0,      // Speed

              0x0,    // Direction

              0x0,    // Endpoint

              0x2,    // Func Address

              (unsigned int) &td[3],    // TDQTailPointer

              (unsigned int) &td[0],    // TDQHeadPointer

              0,      // ToggleCarry

              0x0);   // NextED

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[0],    // TD Address

              2,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x0,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pSetup4,               // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        //const char pSetup4[8] = {0x80,0x06,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x00};

              (unsigned int) &td[1],    // Next TD

              8);     // Buffer Length

 

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[1],    // TD Address

              0,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              (unsigned int) pData4,          // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        // char pData4[0x40];  通过读取该数组,可以获知配置描述符

              (unsigned int) &td[2],    // Next TD

              0x40);  // Buffer Length

 

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[2],    // TD Address

              3,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x1,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,    // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) &td[3],   // Next TD

              0x0);   // Buffer Length

      

       CreateGenTd(

              (unsigned int) &td[3],    // TD Address

              3,      // Data Toggle

              0x2,    // DelayInterrupt

              0x2,    // Direction

              1,      // Buffer Rounding

              0x0,    // Current Buffer Pointer

              (unsigned int) 0,   // Next TD

              0x0);   // Buffer Length

             

       rHcControlHeadED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControlCurrentED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControl = 0x90;

       rHcCommandStatus = 0x02;

      

      

       //第五步,主机发送SETUP数据包,用以设置配置,允许所有端点进入工作状态。

       CreateEd(

(unsigned int) &ed, // ED Address

64,                           // Max packet

0,                         // TD format

0,                         // Skip

0,                         // Speed

0x0,                          // Direction

0,                           // Endpoint

2,             // Func Address

(unsigned int) &td[2],    // TDQTailPointer

(unsigned int) &td[0],    // TDQHeadPointer

0,                         // ToggleCarry

0x0);                        // NextED

 

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[0],    // TD Address

2,                        // Data Toggle

2,                // DelayInterrupt

0,                    // Direction

1,                        // Buffer Rounding

(unsigned int) pSetup5,               // Current Buffer Pointer,定义的全局变量数组

                                                        //const char pSetup5[8] = {0x00,0x09,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};

(unsigned int) &td[1],    // Next TD

8);                       // Buffer Length

 

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[1],    // TD Address

0,                       // Data Toggle

2,               // DelayInterrupt

2,                     // Direction

1,                        // Buffer Rounding

(unsigned int) 0,       // Current Buffer Pointer

(unsigned int) &td[2],    // Next TD

0);                          // Buffer Length

 

CreateGenTd(

(unsigned int) &td[2],    // TD Address

3,                         // Data Toggle

2,                 // DelayInterrupt

1,                    // Direction

1,                         // Buffer Rounding

0x0,                          // Current Buffer Pointer

(unsigned int) 0,            // Next TD

0x0);                        // Buffer Length

 

       rHcControlHeadED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControlCurrentED = (unsigned int )& ed;

       rHcControl = 0x90;

       rHcCommandStatus = 0x02;

      

       return 0x88;

}