- 查看Linux ARP缓存老化时间
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/eth0/base_reachable_time
同目录下还有一个文件gc_stale_time,官方解释如下:
Determines how often to check for stale neighbour entries.
When a neighbour entry is considered stale it is resolved again before sending data to it.
Defaults to 60 seconds.
- 查看Linux ARP缓存状态
arp -a #代码对应于ioctl(s, SIOCGARP, &arpreq),没法看到每条缓存的状态是REACHABLE还是STALE
/isam/slot_1101/run # arp -a
? (135.251.197.136) at 00:19:8f:5f:bd:87 [ether] on eth0
? (135.251.196.1) at 00:e0:b1:ca:5a:48 [ether] on eth0
ip neigh show #实现上是通过另一种系统调用netlink来获取的
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/eth0 # ip neigh
135.251.197.136 dev eth0 lladdr 00:19:8f:5f:bd:87 REACHABLE
135.251.196.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:e0:b1:ca:5a:48 STALE
- 应用程序如何触发arp缓存的添加和刷新呢?
经过一系列测试,结论如下:
执行arping命令,无法添加新的arp缓存。但是可以把STALE的缓存刷新为REACHABLE状态。
arping有如下选项,是不是我少加了什么选项呢?注释符#后面的解释是man命令里面摘过来的。
arping -I eth0 135.251.196.1 -c 10
/isam/slot_default/run # arping -h
arping: invalid option -- 'h'
BusyBox v1.22.1 (2015-07-11 21:41:15 CEST) multi-call binary.
Usage: arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP
Send ARP requests/replies
-f Quit on first ARP reply #Finish after the first reply confirming that target is alive.
-q Quiet #Quiet output. Nothing is displayed.
-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast #Send only MAC level broadcasts. Normally arping starts from sending broadcast, and switch to unicast after reply received.
-D Duplicated address detection mode #Duplicate address detection mode (DAD). See RFC2131, 4.4.1. Returns 0, if DAD succeeded i.e. no replies are received #如果是DAD模式,则原源主机地址一直没有设置,那么就意味着源地址为0.0.0.0。这样当目的主机接到之后,就会向0.0.0.0发送回复,就相当于广播给以太网中所有的主机。因为进行D重复地址检测模式的原因很可能是由于源主机的IP地址没有设置,从而想设置自身的IP地址。在IP地址没有设置的时候,主机只能接受到地址为0.0.0.0的广播信号。
-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors #Unsolicited ARP mode to update neighbours<80><99> ARP caches. No replies are expected. #为了更新以太网邻居的ARP快速缓存而主动进行的ARP。也就是免费ARP(gratuitous ARP),即请求自己的ip地址的mac地址。
-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors #与-U选项类似,但是发送的是ARP 回复报文,而不是ARP请求报文。
-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
-w TIMEOUT Time to wait for ARP reply, seconds
-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
DST_IP Target IP address
从以上选项可以看出,我们并没有漏掉什么选项,所以内核就是这么设计的。
还进行过如下测试,Linux shell ping竟然只能添加arp缓存,但是并不能把STALE的缓存刷新为REACHABLE状态。而且ping是通的,这也说明了STALE还在被引用。