MySQL5.7 安装 - Linux下RPM方式安装

时间：2022-06-05 17:08:56

目前MySQL5.7的最新版本是5.7.19，

下载

安装

我已经把安装包放到/usr/local/software路径下面

[root@localhost software]# ls
mysql-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

查看是否已经安装mysql

rpm -qa | grep mysql

解压tar文件

  • 命令
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
  • 执行结果
[root@localhost software]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

卸载冲突的RPM组件

在我们安装mysql相关组件的时候，如果不将此冲突的组件删除掉，我们是安装不成功的。
我们可以先跳过这步，直接进入下步操作，在安装的过程中会有相应的提示。下面是我所碰到的一个提示：

# 安装mysql组件时出现的依赖错误
error: Failed dependencies:
        mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64

# 卸载mariadb-libs时出现的依赖错误
error: Failed dependencies:
        libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
        libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64

可以看出，我们需要卸载postfix和mariadb-libs相关的组件。卸载我们可以使用rpm -ev xxx。

  • 查看postfix和mariadb-libs 
rpm -qa | grep postfix
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
  • 执行过程
[root@localhost software]# rpm -qa | grep postfix
postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64

[root@localhost software]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
  • 卸载postfix和mariadb-libs 
rpm -ev postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
  • 执行过程
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ev postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ev mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
Preparing packages...
mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

安装依赖组件

在我进行安装msql-community-server-xxx的时候出现了下面的问题

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        /usr/bin/perl is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        perl(Getopt::Long) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
        perl(strict) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost software]#

由上面的错误可以看出我们需要安装相应的依赖
1. libaio
2. net-tools
3. perl

  • 安装依赖
yum -y install libaio
yum -y net-tools
yum -y perl

安装mysql组件

经过上面的解压操作，我们得到了很多rpm文件。但是我们不需要这么多，我们只需要安装一下四个组件就可以了：

mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

因为具有依赖关系，所以我们需要按顺序执行。
用rpm -ivh 文件名就能安装相应的组件。
在执行server的时候，需要依赖安装一些工具组件，已经在上文有说明了

  • 安装命令
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
  • 执行过程
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.e################################# [100%]

启动数据库

# 查看mysql是否启动
service mysqld status

# 启动mysql
service mysqld start

# 停止mysql
service mysqld stop

# 重启mysql
service mysqld restart

修改密码

mysql安装完成之后我们是没有设置密码的，但是mysql为我们设置了一个临时的密码，我们可以查看mysql的日志知道这个临时密码。

  • 查看临时密码
grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
  • 执行过程
[root@localhost ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 
2017-09-01T16:43:10.889769Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hcLMTxbOh2?w

这样我们得知临时密码是：hcLMTxbOh2?w。
然后我们用这个临时密码登录数据库。

数据库的密码需要满足以下条件：大小写字母，数字和特殊符号

  • 执行命令
# 登录mysql，之后需要输入密码
mysql -p

# 设置新密码
set password = password("Mysql_123456");

# 退出当前登录
quit;
  • 执行过程
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password("Mysql_123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit;

重新登录，这样我们就能用新的密码登录了。我们可以愉快的进行数据库操作了。

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