将带有破折号字符的punycode转换为Unicode

I need to convert the punycode NIATO-OTABD to nñiñatoñ.

我需要将punycode NIATO-OTABD转换为nñiñatoñ。

I found a text converter in JavaScript the other day, but the punycode conversion doesn't work if there's a dash in the middle.

前几天我在JavaScript中找到了一个文本转换器,但是如果中间有一个短划线,则punycode转换不起作用。

Any suggestion to fix the "dash" issue?

有任何修复“破折号”问题的建议吗?

1 个解决方案

#1

I took the time to create the punycode below. It it based on the C code in RFC 3492. To use it with domain names you have to remove/add xn-- from/to the input/output to/from decode/encode.

我花时间在下面创建了punycode。它基于RFC 3492中的C代码。要将其与域名一起使用,您必须从/向/从decode / encode输入/输出中删除/添加xn--。

The utf16-class is necessary to convert from JavaScripts internal character representation to unicode and back.

utf16-class是从JavaScripts内部字符表示转换为unicode和返回所必需的。

There are also ToASCII and ToUnicode functions to make it easier to convert between puny-coded IDN and ASCII.

还有ToASCII和ToUnicode函数,以便更容易在微不足道的IDN和ASCII之间进行转换。

//Javascript Punycode converter derived from example in RFC3492.
//This implementation is created by [e-mail] and released into public domain
var punycode = new function Punycode() {
    // This object converts to and from puny-code used in IDN
    //
    // punycode.ToASCII ( domain )
    // 
    // Returns a puny coded representation of "domain".
    // It only converts the part of the domain name that
    // has non ASCII characters. I.e. it dosent matter if
    // you call it with a domain that already is in ASCII.
    //
    // punycode.ToUnicode (domain)
    //
    // Converts a puny-coded domain name to unicode.
    // It only converts the puny-coded parts of the domain name.
    // I.e. it dosent matter if you call it on a string
    // that already has been converted to unicode.
    //
    //
    this.utf16 = {
        // The utf16-class is necessary to convert from javascripts internal character representation to unicode and back.
        decode:function(input){
            var output = [], i=0, len=input.length,value,extra;
            while (i < len) {
                value = input.charCodeAt(i++);
                if ((value & 0xF800) === 0xD800) {
                    extra = input.charCodeAt(i++);
                    if ( ((value & 0xFC00) !== 0xD800) || ((extra & 0xFC00) !== 0xDC00) ) {
                        throw new RangeError("UTF-16(decode): Illegal UTF-16 sequence");
                    }
                    value = ((value & 0x3FF) << 10) + (extra & 0x3FF) + 0x10000;
                }
                output.push(value);
            }
            return output;
        },
        encode:function(input){
            var output = [], i=0, len=input.length,value;
            while (i < len) {
                value = input[i++];
                if ( (value & 0xF800) === 0xD800 ) {
                    throw new RangeError("UTF-16(encode): Illegal UTF-16 value");
                }
                if (value > 0xFFFF) {
                    value -= 0x10000;
                    output.push(String.fromCharCode(((value >>>10) & 0x3FF) | 0xD800));
                    value = 0xDC00 | (value & 0x3FF);
                }
                output.push(String.fromCharCode(value));
            }
            return output.join("");
        }
    }

    //Default parameters
    var initial_n = 0x80;
    var initial_bias = 72;
    var delimiter = "\x2D";
    var base = 36;
    var damp = 700;
    var tmin=1;
    var tmax=26;
    var skew=38;
    var maxint = 0x7FFFFFFF;

    // decode_digit(cp) returns the numeric value of a basic code 
    // point (for use in representing integers) in the range 0 to
    // base-1, or base if cp is does not represent a value.

    function decode_digit(cp) {
        return cp - 48 < 10 ? cp - 22 : cp - 65 < 26 ? cp - 65 : cp - 97 < 26 ? cp - 97 : base;
    }

    // encode_digit(d,flag) returns the basic code point whose value
    // (when used for representing integers) is d, which needs to be in
    // the range 0 to base-1. The lowercase form is used unless flag is
    // nonzero, in which case the uppercase form is used. The behavior
    // is undefined if flag is nonzero and digit d has no uppercase form. 

    function encode_digit(d, flag) {
        return d + 22 + 75 * (d < 26) - ((flag != 0) << 5);
        //  0..25 map to ASCII a..z or A..Z 
        // 26..35 map to ASCII 0..9
    }
    //** Bias adaptation function **
    function adapt(delta, numpoints, firsttime ) {
        var k;
        delta = firsttime ? Math.floor(delta / damp) : (delta >> 1);
        delta += Math.floor(delta / numpoints);

        for (k = 0; delta > (((base - tmin) * tmax) >> 1); k += base) {
                delta = Math.floor(delta / ( base - tmin ));
        }
        return Math.floor(k + (base - tmin + 1) * delta / (delta + skew));
    }

    // encode_basic(bcp,flag) forces a basic code point to lowercase if flag is zero,
    // uppercase if flag is nonzero, and returns the resulting code point.
    // The code point is unchanged if it is caseless.
    // The behavior is undefined if bcp is not a basic code point.

    function encode_basic(bcp, flag) {
        bcp -= (bcp - 97 < 26) << 5;
        return bcp + ((!flag && (bcp - 65 < 26)) << 5);
    }

    // Main decode
    this.decode=function(input,preserveCase) {
        // Dont use utf16
        var output=[];
        var case_flags=[];
        var input_length = input.length;

        var n, out, i, bias, basic, j, ic, oldi, w, k, digit, t, len;

        // Initialize the state: 

        n = initial_n;
        i = 0;
        bias = initial_bias;

        // Handle the basic code points: Let basic be the number of input code 
        // points before the last delimiter, or 0 if there is none, then
        // copy the first basic code points to the output.

        basic = input.lastIndexOf(delimiter);
        if (basic < 0) basic = 0;

        for (j = 0; j < basic; ++j) {
            if(preserveCase) case_flags[output.length] = ( input.charCodeAt(j) -65 < 26);
            if ( input.charCodeAt(j) >= 0x80) {
                throw new RangeError("Illegal input >= 0x80");
            }
            output.push( input.charCodeAt(j) );
        }

        // Main decoding loop: Start just after the last delimiter if any
        // basic code points were copied; start at the beginning otherwise. 

        for (ic = basic > 0 ? basic + 1 : 0; ic < input_length; ) {

            // ic is the index of the next character to be consumed,

            // Decode a generalized variable-length integer into delta,
            // which gets added to i. The overflow checking is easier
            // if we increase i as we go, then subtract off its starting 
            // value at the end to obtain delta.
            for (oldi = i, w = 1, k = base; ; k += base) {
                    if (ic >= input_length) {
                        throw RangeError ("punycode_bad_input(1)");
                    }
                    digit = decode_digit(input.charCodeAt(ic++));

                    if (digit >= base) {
                        throw RangeError("punycode_bad_input(2)");
                    }
                    if (digit > Math.floor((maxint - i) / w)) {
                        throw RangeError ("punycode_overflow(1)");
                    }
                    i += digit * w;
                    t = k <= bias ? tmin : k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
                    if (digit < t) { break; }
                    if (w > Math.floor(maxint / (base - t))) {
                        throw RangeError("punycode_overflow(2)");
                    }
                    w *= (base - t);
            }

            out = output.length + 1;
            bias = adapt(i - oldi, out, oldi === 0);

            // i was supposed to wrap around from out to 0,
            // incrementing n each time, so we'll fix that now: 
            if ( Math.floor(i / out) > maxint - n) {
                throw RangeError("punycode_overflow(3)");
            }
            n += Math.floor( i / out ) ;
            i %= out;

            // Insert n at position i of the output: 
            // Case of last character determines uppercase flag: 
            if (preserveCase) { case_flags.splice(i, 0, input.charCodeAt(ic -1) -65 < 26);}

            output.splice(i, 0, n);
            i++;
        }
        if (preserveCase) {
            for (i = 0, len = output.length; i < len; i++) {
                if (case_flags[i]) {
                    output[i] = (String.fromCharCode(output[i]).toUpperCase()).charCodeAt(0);
                }
            }
        }
        return this.utf16.encode(output);
    };

    //** Main encode function **

    this.encode = function (input,preserveCase) {
        //** Bias adaptation function **

        var n, delta, h, b, bias, j, m, q, k, t, ijv, case_flags;

        if (preserveCase) {
            // Preserve case, step1 of 2: Get a list of the unaltered string
            case_flags = this.utf16.decode(input);
        }
        // Converts the input in UTF-16 to Unicode
        input = this.utf16.decode(input.toLowerCase());

        var input_length = input.length; // Cache the length

        if (preserveCase) {
            // Preserve case, step2 of 2: Modify the list to true/false
            for (j=0; j < input_length; j++) {
                case_flags[j] = input[j] != case_flags[j];
            }
        }

        var output=[];


        // Initialize the state: 
        n = initial_n;
        delta = 0;
        bias = initial_bias;

        // Handle the basic code points: 
        for (j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
            if ( input[j] < 0x80) {
                output.push(
                    String.fromCharCode(
                        case_flags ? encode_basic(input[j], case_flags[j]) : input[j]
                    )
                );
            }
        }

        h = b = output.length;

        // h is the number of code points that have been handled, b is the
        // number of basic code points 

        if (b > 0) output.push(delimiter);

        // Main encoding loop: 
        //
        while (h < input_length) {
            // All non-basic code points < n have been
            // handled already. Find the next larger one: 

            for (m = maxint, j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
                ijv = input[j];
                if (ijv >= n && ijv < m) m = ijv;
            }

            // Increase delta enough to advance the decoder's
            // <n,i> state to <m,0>, but guard against overflow: 

            if (m - n > Math.floor((maxint - delta) / (h + 1))) {
                throw RangeError("punycode_overflow (1)");
            }
            delta += (m - n) * (h + 1);
            n = m;

            for (j = 0; j < input_length; ++j) {
                ijv = input[j];

                if (ijv < n ) {
                    if (++delta > maxint) return Error("punycode_overflow(2)");
                }

                if (ijv == n) {
                    // Represent delta as a generalized variable-length integer: 
                    for (q = delta, k = base; ; k += base) {
                        t = k <= bias ? tmin : k >= bias + tmax ? tmax : k - bias;
                        if (q < t) break;
                        output.push( String.fromCharCode(encode_digit(t + (q - t) % (base - t), 0)) );
                        q = Math.floor( (q - t) / (base - t) );
                    }
                    output.push( String.fromCharCode(encode_digit(q, preserveCase && case_flags[j] ? 1:0 )));
                    bias = adapt(delta, h + 1, h == b);
                    delta = 0;
                    ++h;
                }
            }

            ++delta, ++n;
        }
        return output.join("");
    }

    this.ToASCII = function ( domain ) {
        var domain_array = domain.split(".");
        var out = [];
        for (var i=0; i < domain_array.length; ++i) {
            var s = domain_array[i];
            out.push(
                s.match(/[^A-Za-z0-9-]/) ?
                "xn--" + punycode.encode(s) :
                s
            );
        }
        return out.join(".");
    }
    this.ToUnicode = function ( domain ) {
        var domain_array = domain.split(".");
        var out = [];
        for (var i=0; i < domain_array.length; ++i) {
            var s = domain_array[i];
            out.push(
                s.match(/^xn--/) ?
                punycode.decode(s.slice(4)) :
                s
            );
        }
        return out.join(".");
    }
}();

Update Licence:
From RFC3492:

更新许可证:来自RFC3492:

Disclaimer and license

免责声明和许可证

Regarding this entire document or any portion of it (including the pseudocode and C code), the author makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it, provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain misleading author or version information. Derivative works need not be licensed under similar terms.

关于整个文件或其任何部分(包括伪代码和C代码),作者不做任何保证,也不对因使用该文件而造成的任何损害负责。如果重新分发的衍生作品不包含误导作者或版本信息,则作者授予任何人不可撤销的许可,以任何方式使用,修改和分发,不会削弱其他人使用,修改和分发的权利。衍生作品无需根据类似条款获得许可。

I put my work in this punycode and utf16 in the public domain. It would be nice to get an email telling me in what project you use it.

我把我的工作放在这个punycode和utf16的公共领域。收到一封电子邮件告诉我你使用它的项目会很高兴。