用于提取IP地址的Linux bash脚本

I want to make big script on my Debian 7.3 ( something like translated and much more new user friendly enviroment ). I have a problem. I want to use only some of the informations that commands give me. For example my ifconfig looks like:

我想在我的Debian 7.3上做一个大的脚本(类似于翻译和更多的新用户友好环境)。我有一个问题。我只想使用命令给出的一些信息。例如，我的ifconfig看起来如下:

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:a3:e3:b0  
          inet addr:192.168.1.103  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fea3:e3b0/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1904 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2002 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1309425 (1.2 MiB)  T

I want to display only the IP address in line: echo "Your IP address is: (IP_ADDRESS )". Is there any command that allow me to do such a thing, to search in stream for informations I want to get?. I know about grep and sed but I am not really good with them.

我只想显示一行中的IP地址:echo“您的IP地址是:(IP_ADDRESS)”。有没有命令允许我做这样的事情，在流中搜索我想要的信息?我知道grep和sed，但是我不太擅长它们。

Edit: Firstly to say thank you for helping me with this problem, now I know much more. Secondly to say project is in progress. If anyone would be interested in it just pm me.

编辑:首先感谢你帮我解决这个问题，现在我知道的更多了。第二，项目正在进行中。如果有人对它感兴趣，请告诉我。

10 个解决方案

#1

To just get your IP address:

获取你的IP地址:

echo `ifconfig eth0 2>/dev/null|awk '/inet addr:/ {print $2}'|sed 's/addr://'`

This will give you the IP address of eth0.

这会给你eth0的IP地址。

Edit: Due to name changes of interfaces in recent versions of Ubuntu, this doesn't work anymore. Instead, you could just use this:

编辑:由于最近版本的Ubuntu界面名称的改变，这已经不能工作了。相反，你可以用这个:

hostname --all-ip-addresses or hostname -I, which does the same thing (gives you ALL IP addresses of the host).

主机名——全IP地址或主机名-I，它做同样的事情(为您提供主机的所有IP地址)。

#2

If the goal is to find the IP address connected in direction of internet, then this should be a good solution.

如果目标是在互联网的方向上找到连接的IP地址，那么这应该是一个很好的解决方案。

Find the IP and interface that is used:

查找所使用的IP和接口:

ip route get 8.8.8.8
8.8.8.8 via 10.10.10.1 dev eno1 src 192.168.3.33
    cache

Then to extract the IP:

然后提取IP:

ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk 'NR==1 {print $NF}'
192.168.3.33

ip route does not open any connection out, it just shows the route needed to get to 8.8.8.8. 8.8.8.8 is Google's DNS.

ip路由没有打开任何连接，它只显示到达8.8.8.8的路由。8.8.8.8是谷歌的DNS。

Why other solution may fail:

为什么其他解决方案可能失败:

ifconfig eth0

ifconfig eth0

If the interface you have has another name (eno1, wifi, venet0 etc)
如果您的接口有另一个名称(eno1、wifi、venet0等)
If you have more than one interface
如果您有多个接口
IP connecting direction is not the first in a list of more than one IF
IP连接方向不是多个IF列表中的第一个

Hostname -I

主机名我

May get only the 127.0.1.1
可能只得到127.0.1.1
Does not work on all systems.
不能在所有系统上工作。

If you like to store this into a variable, do:

如果您想将其存储到一个变量中，请执行以下操作:

my_ip=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk 'NR==1 {print $NF}')

my_interface=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk '/dev/ {f=NR} f&&NR-1==f' RS=" ")

#3

If you want to get a space separated list of your IPs, you can use the hostname command with the --all-ip-addresses (short -I) flag

如果您想获得一个独立的IPs列表，可以使用hostname命令和-all-ip地址(短-I)标志

hostname -I

as described here: Putting IP Address into bash variable. Is there a better way?

如本文所述:将IP地址放入bash变量。有更好的方法吗?

#4

ip -4 addr show eth0 | grep -oP "(?<=inet ).*(?=/)"

#5

Take your pick:

随便你挑,

$ cat file
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:a3:e3:b0
          inet addr:192.168.1.103  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fea3:e3b0/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1904 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2002 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1309425 (1.2 MiB)  T

$ awk 'sub(/inet addr:/,""){print $1}' file
192.168.1.103

$ awk -F'[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}' file
192.168.1.103

#6

  /sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}'

#7

Just a note, since I just spent some time trouble-shooting a botched upgrade on a server. Turned out, that (years ago) I had implemented a test to see if dynamically added interfaces (e.g. eth0:1) were present, and if so, I would bind certain proggis to the 'main' IP on eth0. Basically it was a variation on the 'ifconfig|grep...|sed... ' solution (plus checking for 'eth0:' presence).
The upgrade brought new net-tools, and with it the output has changed slightly:

我只是提醒一下，因为我刚刚花了一些时间在服务器上解决一个拙劣的升级。结果是，(几年前)我实现了一个测试，看看是否存在动态添加的接口(例如eth0:1)，如果有，我会将某些proggis绑定到eth0上的“main”IP。基本上是ifconfig|grep…|sed…“溶液”(加上“eth0:”存在”检查)。这次升级带来了新的网络工具，与此同时，输出略有变化:

old ifconfig:

老ifconfig:

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 42:01:0A:F0:B0:1D
          inet addr:10.240.176.29  Bcast:10.240.176.29  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1460  Metric:1
          ...<SNIP>

whereas the new version will display this:

而新版本将会显示:

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1460
      inet 10.240.212.165  netmask 255.255.255.255  broadcast 10.240.212.165
      ...<SNIP>

rendering the hunt for 'eth0:' as well as 'inet addr:' search busted (never mind interfaces called 'em0','br0' or 'wlan0'...). Sure you could check for 'inet ' (or 'inet6'), and make the addr: part optional, but looking closer, you'll see that more or less everything has changed, 'Mask' is now 'netmask',...

呈现搜索“eth0:”以及“inet addr:”search busted(更别提叫做“em0”、“br0”或“wlan0”…)。当然，您可以检查“inet”(或“inet6”)，并使addr: part optional部分，但仔细看，您会发现几乎所有的东西都发生了变化，“Mask”现在是“netmask”，……

The 'ip route ...' suggestion's pretty nifty - so maybe:

“ip路由……“建议很漂亮——所以也许:

_MyIP="$( ip route get 8.8.8.8 | awk 'NR==1 {print $NF}' )"
if [ "A$_MyIP" == "A" ]
then
    _MyIPs="$( hostname -I )"
    for _MyIP in "$_MyIPs"
    do
        echo "Found IP: \"$_MyIP\""
    done
else
    echo "Found IP: $_MyIP"
fi

Well, something of that sort anyway. Since all proposed solutions seem to have circumstances where they fail, check for possible edge cases - no eth, multiple eth's & lo's, when would 'hostname -i' fail,... and then decide on best solution, check it worked, otherwise 2nd best.

嗯，反正就是这样。由于所有提出的解决方案似乎都有失败的情况，请检查可能的边缘情况——不是eth，多重eth & lo，什么时候“主机名-i”会失败，……然后决定最好的解决方案，检查它是否有效，否则是第二好的。

Cheers 'n' beers!

欢呼“n”啤酒!

#8

ip route get 8.8.8.8| grep src| sed 's/.*src \(.*\)$/\1/g'

#9

May be not for all cases (especially if you have several NIC's), this will help:

可能不是所有的情况(特别是如果你有几个NIC)，这将有助于:

hostname -I | awk '{ print $1 }'

#10

In my opinion the simplest and most elegant way to achieve what you need is this:

在我看来，实现你所需要的最简单、最优雅的方法就是:

ip route get 8.8.8.8 | tr -s ' ' | cut -d' ' -f7

ip route get [host] - gives you the gateway used to reach a remote host e.g.:

ip路由获取[主机]-为您提供用于访问远程主机的网关，例如:

8.8.8.8 via 192.168.0.1 dev enp0s3  src 192.168.0.109

tr -s ' ' - removes any extra spaces, now you have uniformity e.g.:

tr -s ' -消除任何额外的空间，现在您拥有了一致性，例如:

8.8.8.8 via 192.168.0.1 dev enp0s3 src 192.168.0.109

cut -d' ' -f7 - truncates the string into ' 'space separated fields, then selects the field #7 from it e.g.:

cut -d' -f7 -将字符串截断为'space separated fields，然后从中选择field #7，例如:

192.168.0.109

#1