在输出中查找并替换regex

I got a huge LaTeX file with bad references to figures, for example it says

我得到了一个巨大的乳胶文件，其中有对数字的错误引用，例如它说

"... So in the figure 3-12 we see ... similar to figure 3-1..."

where it should be

在它应该在的地方

"... So in the figure \ref{fig:3-12} we see ... similar to figure \ref{fig:3-1}..."

For save time, silly me, I tought a find/replace like:

为了节省时间，我真傻，我应该找个像这样的人来代替。

find: figure 3-
replace: figure \ref{fig:3-

查找:图3-替换:图\ref{图3-

Which returned:

"... So in the figure \ref{fig:3-12 we see ... similar to figure \ref{fig:3-1..."

now the closing brackets

现在关闭括号

sed 's#/ref{fig:3-\d+#\ref{fig:3-\d+}#g' main.tex

which yields

的收益率

"... So in the figure \ref{fig:3-\d+} we see ... similar to figure \ref{fig:3-\d+}..."

What is wrong friends?. Thank you.

怎么了朋友?。谢谢你！

2 个解决方案

#1

You may capture any streaks of digits and hyphens after the word figure:

在“图”一词后，你可以捕捉到任何数字和连字符的条纹:

s="... So in the figure 3-12 we see ... similar to figure 3-1..."
echo $s | sed -E 's#(figure +)([0-9-]+)#\1\\ref{fig:\2}#g'

See the online demo.

看到在线演示。

Example on how to do the inplace replacement with a *.bak copy (tested in Ubuntu):

如何用*替换inplace。bak副本(在Ubuntu中测试):

sed -i.bak -E 's#(figure +)([0-9-]+)#\1\\ref{fig:\2}#g' main.tex

Details

细节

(figure +) - Group 1: captures the figure substring and 1 or more spaces (replace with [[:blank:]]+ to match any spaces or tabs)
(图+)-组1:捕获图子字符串和1或更多的空格(用[[[:blank:]]]]+替换以匹配任何空格或制表符)
([0-9-]+) - Group 2: one or more digits or -.
([0-9-]+)-第2组:一个或多个数字或-。

The replacement is:

更换:

\1 - a replacement backreference to Group 1 value
\1 -替换对组1值的回引用
\\ref{fig: - a literal \ref{fig: substring (the backslash must be escaped as it is a "special" char)
\\ref{fig: -一个文字\ref{fig: substring(反斜杠必须转义，因为它是一个“特殊”字符)
\2 - a replacement backreference to Group 2 value
\2 -对组2值的替换回引用
} - a } char.
} -字符。

#2

You can use this sed:

您可以使用这个sed:

s="... So in the figure 3-12 we see ... similar to figure 3-1..."
sed -E 's/[0-9]+-[0-9]+/\\ref{fig:&}/g' <<< "$s"

... So in the figure \ref{fig:3-12} we see ... similar to figure \ref{fig:3-1}...

So we are matching a pattern [0-9]+-[0-9]+ to match number-number pattern. In the replacement & is back-reference of fully matched string by regex pattern.

所以我们正在匹配一个模式[0-9]+-[0-9]+来匹配数字模式。在替换中&是正则表达式模式对完全匹配字符串的回引用。

#1