利用python实现新浪微博爬虫

第一个模块，模拟登陆sina微博，创建weiboLogin.py文件，输入以下代码：

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
import base64
import re
import json
import hashlib
class weiboLogin:
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
postdata = {
'entry': 'weibo',
'gateway': '1',
'from': '',
'savestate': '7',
'userticket': '1',
'ssosimplelogin': '1',
'vsnf': '1',
'vsnval': '',
'su': '',
'service': 'miniblog',
'servertime': '',
'nonce': '',
'pwencode': 'wsse',
'sp': '',
'encoding': 'UTF-8',
'url': 'http://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
'returntype': 'META'
}
def get_servertime(self):
url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=weibo&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=dW5kZWZpbmVk&client=ssologin.js(v1.3.18)&_=1329806375939'
data = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
p = re.compile('(.∗)')
try:
json_data = p.search(data).group(1)
data = json.loads(json_data)
servertime = str(data['servertime'])
nonce = data['nonce']
return servertime, nonce
except:
print 'Get severtime error!'
return None
def get_pwd(self, pwd, servertime, nonce):
pwd1 = hashlib.sha1(pwd).hexdigest()
pwd2 = hashlib.sha1(pwd1).hexdigest()
pwd3_ = pwd2 + servertime + nonce
pwd3 = hashlib.sha1(pwd3_).hexdigest()
return pwd3
def get_user(self, username):
username_ = urllib.quote(username)
username = base64.encodestring(username_)[:-1]
return username
def login(self,username,pwd):
url = 'http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.3.18)'
try:
servertime, nonce = self.get_servertime()
except:
print 'get servertime error!'
return
weiboLogin.postdata['servertime'] = servertime
weiboLogin.postdata['nonce'] = nonce
weiboLogin.postdata['su'] = self.get_user(username)
weiboLogin.postdata['sp'] = self.get_pwd(pwd, servertime, nonce)
weiboLogin.postdata = urllib.urlencode(weiboLogin.postdata)
headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0 Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11'}
req = urllib2.Request(
url = url,
data = weiboLogin.postdata,
headers = headers
)
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
text = result.read()
p = re.compile('location\.replace\'(.∗?)\'')
try:
login_url = p.search(text).group(1)
urllib2.urlopen(login_url)
print "Login success!"
except:
print 'Login error!'

然后创建main.py文件，输入以下代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import weiboLogin
import urllib
import urllib2
username = '你的微博用户名'
pwd = '你的微博密码'
WBLogin = weiboLogin.weiboLogin()
WBLogin.login(username, pwd)

注意：若登陆失败，可能是你的账号在登陆的时候需要输入验证码！你在网页上登陆你的账号试试看，在账号设置里面可以设置某些地区不输入验证码。

参考：http://www.douban.com/note/201767245/

接下来，考虑实现抓取微博的内容。

此时遇到一个困难，当抓取指定URL的微博时，初始显示只有15条。后面的是延迟显示的（ajax里面叫lazy load?）。也就是说，当滚动条第一次拖到最下面的时候，会显示第二部分，再拖到最下面，会显示第三部分。此时一个页面的微博才是完整的。所以，要获取一个微博页面的全部微博，需要访问这个页面三次。创建getWeiboPage.py文件，相应代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys
import time
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
class getWeiboPage:
body = {
'__rnd':'',
'_k':'',
'_t':'0',
'count':'50',
'end_id':'',
'max_id':'',
'page':1,
'pagebar':'',
'pre_page':'0',
'uid':''
}
uid_list = []
charset = 'utf8'
def get_msg(self,uid):
getWeiboPage.body['uid'] = uid
url = self.get_url(uid)
self.get_firstpage(url)
self.get_secondpage(url)
self.get_thirdpage(url)
def get_firstpage(self,url):
getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']-1
url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
req = urllib2.Request(url)
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
text = result.read()
self.writefile('./output/text1',text)
self.writefile('./output/result1',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))
def get_secondpage(self,url):
getWeiboPage.body['count'] = '15'
# getWeiboPage.body['end_id'] = '3490160379905732'
# getWeiboPage.body['max_id'] = '3487344294660278'
getWeiboPage.body['pagebar'] = '0'
getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']
url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
req = urllib2.Request(url)
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
text = result.read()
self.writefile('./output/text2',text)
self.writefile('./output/result2',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))
def get_thirdpage(self,url):
getWeiboPage.body['count'] = '15'
getWeiboPage.body['pagebar'] = '1'
getWeiboPage.body['pre_page'] = getWeiboPage.body['page']
url = url +urllib.urlencode(getWeiboPage.body)
req = urllib2.Request(url)
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)
text = result.read()
self.writefile('./output/text3',text)
self.writefile('./output/result3',eval("u'''"+text+"'''"))
def get_url(self,uid):
url = 'http://weibo.com/' + uid + '?from=otherprofile&wvr=3.6&loc=tagweibo'
return url
def get_uid(self,filename):
fread = file(filename)
for line in fread:
getWeiboPage.uid_list.append(line)
print line
time.sleep(1)
def writefile(self,filename,content):
fw = file(filename,'w')
fw.write(content)
fw.close()

在刚刚的main.py中加入相应内容，完整内容为：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import weiboLogin
import getWeiboMsg
import urllib
import urllib2
username = '你的微博用户名'
pwd = '你的微博密码'
WBLogin = weiboLogin.weiboLogin()
WBLogin.login(username, pwd)
WBmsg = getWeiboMsg.getWeiboMsg()
url = 'http://weibo.com/1624087025?from=otherprofile&wvr=3.6&loc=tagweibo'
WBmsg.get_firstpage(url)
WBmsg.get_secondpage(url)
WBmsg.get_thirdpage(url)

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利用python实现新浪微博爬虫

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