无聊想调用下嘀咕的api的时候,发现需要HTTP Basic Authentication,就看了下。
什么是HTTP Basic Authentication?直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme 吧。
在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候,如果你没有提供用户名和密码,服务器就会返回401,如果你直接在浏览器中打开,浏览器会提示你输入用户名 和密码(google浏览器不会,bug?)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果:http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中,有两种方法:
- 一是在请求头中添加Authorization:
Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64 加密字符串" - 二是在url中添加用户名和密码:
http://userName:password@ api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
下面来看下对于第一种在请求中添加Authorization头部的各种语言的实现代码。
先看.NET的吧:
- string username="username";
- string password="password";
- //注意这里的格式哦,为 "username:password"
- string usernamePassword = username + ":" + password;
- CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();
- mycache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
- myReq.Credentials = mycache;
- myReq.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword)));
- WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();
- Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
- StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);
- string content = reader.ReadToEnd();
你当然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的类来发送请求。
然后是Python的:
- import urllib2
- import sys
- import re
- import base64
- from urlparse import urlparse
- theurl = 'http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml'
- username = 'qleelulu'
- password = 'XXXXXX' # 你信这是密码吗?
- base64string = base64.encodestring(
- '%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] #注意哦,这里最后会自动添加一个\n
- authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string
- req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)
- try:
- handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
- except IOError, e:
- # here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right
- print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."
- sys.exit(1)
- thepage = handle.read()
再来是PHP的:
- <?php
- $fp = fsockopen("www.mydomain.com",80);
- fputs($fp,"GET /downloads HTTP/1.0");
- fputs($fp,"Host: www.mydomain.com");
- fputs($fp,"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode("user:pass") . "");
- fpassthru($fp);
- ?>
还有flash的AS3的:
- import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
- import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
- import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;
- import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;
- URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false;//设默认为false,否则用户较验错误时会弹出验证框
- private var result:XML;
- private function initApp():void
- {
- var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;
- base64enc.encode("user:password"); //用户名和密码需要Base64编码
- var user:String = base64enc.toString();
- var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;
- http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler);//监听返回事件
- http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler); //监听失败事件
- http.resultFormat = "e4x";//返回格式
- http.url = "http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml"; 以嘀咕网的API为列
- http.headers = {"Authorization":"Basic " + user};
- http.send();
- }
- private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
- {
- result = XML(e.result);
- test.dataProvider = result.status;//绑定数据
- }
- private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void
- {
- //处理失败
- }
还有Ruby On Rails的:
- class DocumentsController < ActionController
- before_filter :verify_access
- def show
- @document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])
- end
- # Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object.
- # Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not
- # authenticated.
- def verify_access
- authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic("Documents Realm") do |username, password|
- @user = User.authenticate(username, password)
- end
- end
- end
JavaScript的:
- //需要Base64见:http://www.webtoolkit.info/javascript-base64.html
- function make_base_auth(user, password) {
- var tok = user + ':' + pass;
- var hash = Base64.encode(tok);
- return "Basic " + hash;
- }
- var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');
- var url = 'http://example.com';
- // 原始JavaScript
- xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
- xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
- xml.open('GET',url)
- // ExtJS
- Ext.Ajax.request({
- url : url,
- method : 'GET',
- headers : { Authorization : auth }
- });
- // jQuery
- $.ajax({
- url : url,
- method : 'GET',
- beforeSend : function(req) {
- req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
- }
- });
这里提醒下,HTTP Basic Authentication对于跨域又要发送post请求的用JavaScript是实现不了的(注:对于Chrome插件这类允许通过AJAX访问跨域资源的,是可以的)。
来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/QLeelulu/archive/2009/11/22/1607898.html