I'm trying to split a string up into words and punctuation, adding the punctuation to the list produced by the split.
我试着将一个字符串分割成单词和标点符号，将标点符号添加到由拆分产生的列表中。
For instance:
例如:
>>> c = "help, me"
>>> print c.split()
['help,', 'me']
What I really want the list to look like is:
我真正想要的列表是:
['help', ',', 'me']
So, I want the string split at whitespace with the punctuation split from the words.
所以，我希望字符串在空格处被分割，标点与单词之间的分隔。
I've tried to parse the string first and then run the split:
我试着先解析字符串，然后运行拆分:
>>> for character in c:
... if character in ".,;!?":
... outputCharacter = " %s" % character
... else:
... outputCharacter = character
... separatedPunctuation += outputCharacter
>>> print separatedPunctuation
help , me
>>> print separatedPunctuation.split()
['help', ',', 'me']
This produces the result I want, but is painfully slow on large files.
这就产生了我想要的结果，但是在大文件上痛苦地慢了下来。
Is there a way to do this more efficiently?
有没有一种更有效的方法?
9 个解决方案
#1
58
This is more or less the way to do it:
这或多或少是这样做的:
>>> import re
>>> re.findall(r"[\w']+|[.,!?;]", "Hello, I'm a string!")
['Hello', ',', "I'm", 'a', 'string', '!']
The trick is, not to think about where to split the string, but what to include in the tokens.
诀窍在于，不要考虑将字符串拆分到哪里，而是考虑在令牌中包含哪些内容。
Caveats:
警告:
- The underscore (_) is considered an inner-word character. Replace \w, if you don't want that.
- 下划线(_)被认为是一个内字字符。如果你不想要的话，就换一个。
- This will not work with (single) quotes in the string.
- 这将不能与字符串中的(单)引号一起工作。
- Put any additional punctuation marks you want to use in the right half of the regular expression.
- 在正则表达式的右半部分添加任何你想要使用的标点符号。
- Anything not explicitely mentioned in the re is silently dropped.
- 在re中没有明确提到的任何东西都被悄悄地删除了。
#2
23
Here is a Unicode-aware version:
这是一个unicodeaware版本:
re.findall(r"\w+|[^\w\s]", text, re.UNICODE)
The first alternative catches sequences of word characters (as defined by unicode, so "résumé" won't turn into ['r', 'sum']); the second catches individual non-word characters, ignoring whitespace.
第一个选项捕获单词字符的序列(由unicode定义，所以“resume”不会变成['r'， 'sum']);第二个捕获单个非单词字符，忽略空白。
Note that, unlike the top answer, this treats the single quote as separate punctuation (e.g. "I'm" -> ['I', "'", 'm']). This appears to be standard in NLP, so I consider it a feature.
请注意，与上面的答案不同，它将单引号作为单独的标点(例如:"I'm" -> ['I'， ' '， 'm'])。这似乎是NLP的标准，所以我认为它是一个特性。
#3
4
In perl-style regular expression syntax, \b matches a word boundary. This should come in handy for doing a regex-based split.
在perl样式的正则表达式语法中，\b匹配一个单词边界。这对于执行基于regex的拆分非常方便。
edit: I have been informed by hop that "empty matches" do not work in the split function of Python's re module. I will leave this here as information for anyone else getting stumped by this "feature".
编辑:我已经被告知“空匹配”在Python的re模块的split函数中不起作用。我将把这个信息留给其他人，因为其他人被这个“特性”难住了。
#4
3
Here's my entry.
这是我的入境。
I have my doubts as to how well this will hold up in the sense of efficiency, or if it catches all cases (note the "!!!" grouped together; this may or may not be a good thing).
我怀疑这将会在多大程度上阻碍效率，或者如果它抓住了所有的案例(注意“!!!”组合在一起;这也许是好事，也可能不是好事。
>>> import re
>>> import string
>>> s = "Helo, my name is Joe! and i live!!! in a button; factory:"
>>> l = [item for item in map(string.strip, re.split("(\W+)", s)) if len(item) > 0]
>>> l
['Helo', ',', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'Joe', '!', 'and', 'i', 'live', '!!!', 'in', 'a', 'button', ';', 'factory', ':']
>>>
One obvious optimization would be to compile the regex before hand (using re.compile) if you're going to be doing this on a line-by-line basis.
一个明显的优化是在手动(使用re.compile)之前编译regex，如果您要逐行地进行此操作。
#5
1
Here's a minor update to your implementation. If your trying to doing anything more detailed I suggest looking into the NLTK that le dorfier suggested.
这里是对您的实现的一个小更新。如果你想做更详细的事情，我建议你去看看le dorfier建议的NLTK。
This might only be a little faster since ''.join() is used in place of +=, which is known to be faster.
这可能只会快一点。”join()被用来代替+=，这是众所周知的更快。
import string
d = "Hello, I'm a string!"
result = []
word = ''
for char in d:
if char not in string.whitespace:
if char not in string.ascii_letters + "'":
if word:
result.append(word)
result.append(char)
word = ''
else:
word = ''.join([word,char])
else:
if word:
result.append(word)
word = ''
print result
['Hello', ',', "I'm", 'a', 'string', '!']
#6
0
I think you can find all the help you can imagine in the NLTK, especially since you are using python. There's a good comprehensive discussion of this issue in the tutorial.
我认为您可以在NLTK中找到所有可以想象的帮助，特别是在您使用python的时候。在本教程中对这个问题有一个很好的全面的讨论。
#7
0
I came up with a way to tokenize all words and \W+ patterns using \b which doesn't need hardcoding:
我想出了一种方法，可以用\b来标记所有的单词和\W+模式，这并不需要硬编码:
>>> import re
>>> sentence = 'Hello, world!'
>>> tokens = [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', sentence)]
['Hello', ',', 'world', '!']
Here .*?\S.*? is a pattern matching anything that is not a space and $ is added to match last token in a string if it's a punctuation symbol.
这里。* \ s * ?是一种匹配任何非空格和$的模式，如果它是一个标点符号，则添加到一个字符串中的最后一个标记。
Note the following though -- this will group punctuation that consists of more than one symbol:
请注意以下内容——这将会使用多个符号组成的标点符号:
>>> print [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', '"Oh no", she said')]
['Oh', 'no', '",', 'she', 'said']
Of course, you can find and split such groups with:
当然，你可以找到并将这样的群体划分为:
>>> for token in [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', '"You can", she said')]:
... print re.findall(r'(?:\w+|\W)', token)
['You']
['can']
['"', ',']
['she']
['said']
#8
0
Try this:
试试这个:
string_big = "One of Python's coolest features is the string format operator This operator is unique to strings"
my_list =[]
x = len(string_big)
poistion_ofspace = 0
while poistion_ofspace < x:
for i in range(poistion_ofspace,x):
if string_big[i] == ' ':
break
else:
continue
print string_big[poistion_ofspace:(i+1)]
my_list.append(string_big[poistion_ofspace:(i+1)])
poistion_ofspace = i+1
print my_list
#9
-1
Have you tried using a regex?
你试过使用正则表达式吗?
http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re-syntax
http://docs.python.org/library/re.html re-syntax
By the way. Why do you need the "," at the second one? You will know that after each text is written i.e.
顺便说一下。为什么你需要第二个呢?你将会知道，在每一段文字之后。
[0]
[0]
","
”、“
[1]
[1]
","
”、“
So if you want to add the "," you can just do it after each iteration when you use the array..
所以如果你想添加“，”你可以在每次迭代后使用这个数组。
#1
58
This is more or less the way to do it:
这或多或少是这样做的:
>>> import re
>>> re.findall(r"[\w']+|[.,!?;]", "Hello, I'm a string!")
['Hello', ',', "I'm", 'a', 'string', '!']
The trick is, not to think about where to split the string, but what to include in the tokens.
诀窍在于，不要考虑将字符串拆分到哪里，而是考虑在令牌中包含哪些内容。
Caveats:
警告:
- The underscore (_) is considered an inner-word character. Replace \w, if you don't want that.
- 下划线(_)被认为是一个内字字符。如果你不想要的话，就换一个。
- This will not work with (single) quotes in the string.
- 这将不能与字符串中的(单)引号一起工作。
- Put any additional punctuation marks you want to use in the right half of the regular expression.
- 在正则表达式的右半部分添加任何你想要使用的标点符号。
- Anything not explicitely mentioned in the re is silently dropped.
- 在re中没有明确提到的任何东西都被悄悄地删除了。
#2
23
Here is a Unicode-aware version:
这是一个unicodeaware版本:
re.findall(r"\w+|[^\w\s]", text, re.UNICODE)
The first alternative catches sequences of word characters (as defined by unicode, so "résumé" won't turn into ['r', 'sum']); the second catches individual non-word characters, ignoring whitespace.
第一个选项捕获单词字符的序列(由unicode定义，所以“resume”不会变成['r'， 'sum']);第二个捕获单个非单词字符，忽略空白。
Note that, unlike the top answer, this treats the single quote as separate punctuation (e.g. "I'm" -> ['I', "'", 'm']). This appears to be standard in NLP, so I consider it a feature.
请注意，与上面的答案不同，它将单引号作为单独的标点(例如:"I'm" -> ['I'， ' '， 'm'])。这似乎是NLP的标准，所以我认为它是一个特性。
#3
4
In perl-style regular expression syntax, \b matches a word boundary. This should come in handy for doing a regex-based split.
在perl样式的正则表达式语法中，\b匹配一个单词边界。这对于执行基于regex的拆分非常方便。
edit: I have been informed by hop that "empty matches" do not work in the split function of Python's re module. I will leave this here as information for anyone else getting stumped by this "feature".
编辑:我已经被告知“空匹配”在Python的re模块的split函数中不起作用。我将把这个信息留给其他人，因为其他人被这个“特性”难住了。
#4
3
Here's my entry.
这是我的入境。
I have my doubts as to how well this will hold up in the sense of efficiency, or if it catches all cases (note the "!!!" grouped together; this may or may not be a good thing).
我怀疑这将会在多大程度上阻碍效率，或者如果它抓住了所有的案例(注意“!!!”组合在一起;这也许是好事，也可能不是好事。
>>> import re
>>> import string
>>> s = "Helo, my name is Joe! and i live!!! in a button; factory:"
>>> l = [item for item in map(string.strip, re.split("(\W+)", s)) if len(item) > 0]
>>> l
['Helo', ',', 'my', 'name', 'is', 'Joe', '!', 'and', 'i', 'live', '!!!', 'in', 'a', 'button', ';', 'factory', ':']
>>>
One obvious optimization would be to compile the regex before hand (using re.compile) if you're going to be doing this on a line-by-line basis.
一个明显的优化是在手动(使用re.compile)之前编译regex，如果您要逐行地进行此操作。
#5
1
Here's a minor update to your implementation. If your trying to doing anything more detailed I suggest looking into the NLTK that le dorfier suggested.
这里是对您的实现的一个小更新。如果你想做更详细的事情，我建议你去看看le dorfier建议的NLTK。
This might only be a little faster since ''.join() is used in place of +=, which is known to be faster.
这可能只会快一点。”join()被用来代替+=，这是众所周知的更快。
import string
d = "Hello, I'm a string!"
result = []
word = ''
for char in d:
if char not in string.whitespace:
if char not in string.ascii_letters + "'":
if word:
result.append(word)
result.append(char)
word = ''
else:
word = ''.join([word,char])
else:
if word:
result.append(word)
word = ''
print result
['Hello', ',', "I'm", 'a', 'string', '!']
#6
0
I think you can find all the help you can imagine in the NLTK, especially since you are using python. There's a good comprehensive discussion of this issue in the tutorial.
我认为您可以在NLTK中找到所有可以想象的帮助，特别是在您使用python的时候。在本教程中对这个问题有一个很好的全面的讨论。
#7
0
I came up with a way to tokenize all words and \W+ patterns using \b which doesn't need hardcoding:
我想出了一种方法，可以用\b来标记所有的单词和\W+模式，这并不需要硬编码:
>>> import re
>>> sentence = 'Hello, world!'
>>> tokens = [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', sentence)]
['Hello', ',', 'world', '!']
Here .*?\S.*? is a pattern matching anything that is not a space and $ is added to match last token in a string if it's a punctuation symbol.
这里。* \ s * ?是一种匹配任何非空格和$的模式，如果它是一个标点符号，则添加到一个字符串中的最后一个标记。
Note the following though -- this will group punctuation that consists of more than one symbol:
请注意以下内容——这将会使用多个符号组成的标点符号:
>>> print [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', '"Oh no", she said')]
['Oh', 'no', '",', 'she', 'said']
Of course, you can find and split such groups with:
当然，你可以找到并将这样的群体划分为:
>>> for token in [t.strip() for t in re.findall(r'\b.*?\S.*?(?:\b|$)', '"You can", she said')]:
... print re.findall(r'(?:\w+|\W)', token)
['You']
['can']
['"', ',']
['she']
['said']
#8
0
Try this:
试试这个:
string_big = "One of Python's coolest features is the string format operator This operator is unique to strings"
my_list =[]
x = len(string_big)
poistion_ofspace = 0
while poistion_ofspace < x:
for i in range(poistion_ofspace,x):
if string_big[i] == ' ':
break
else:
continue
print string_big[poistion_ofspace:(i+1)]
my_list.append(string_big[poistion_ofspace:(i+1)])
poistion_ofspace = i+1
print my_list
#9
-1
Have you tried using a regex?
你试过使用正则表达式吗?
http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re-syntax
http://docs.python.org/library/re.html re-syntax
By the way. Why do you need the "," at the second one? You will know that after each text is written i.e.
顺便说一下。为什么你需要第二个呢?你将会知道，在每一段文字之后。
[0]
[0]
","
”、“
[1]
[1]
","
”、“
So if you want to add the "," you can just do it after each iteration when you use the array..
所以如果你想添加“，”你可以在每次迭代后使用这个数组。