java中json数据生成和解析(复杂对象演示)

时间:2022-03-06 15:35:12

1.json简单介绍

  1.1 json是最流行和广泛通用的数据传输格式,简称JavaScript Object Notation,最早在JavaScript中使用.

  1.2 举个例子,下面是一个json对象,名字叫王尼玛,他有两个粉丝组成数组,一个叫小王,一个叫小尼玛:

    {

      "name":"王尼玛",

      "fans":[{

            "name":"小王",

            "age":"7"

           },{

            "name":"小尼玛",

            "age":"10"

           }]

      }

2.json数据生成和解析

  2.1 关于json处理的包有好几类,开源jackson,谷歌Gson,阿里巴巴的Fastjson.Gson功能强大,但是Fastjson性能更快.如何选择见仁见智就行

  2.2 这里我开始都是用org.json,后面为了演示复杂json转java bean又导入了功能强大的Gjson,先附上两个maven依赖:

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.json/json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20160810</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.code.gson/gson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>

  2.3 json数据的生成,也就是各种类型转json.(String,map和java bean)

DemoCreateJson.java
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* Created by garfield on 2016/10/16.
* 举三种创建json的例子
*/
public class DemoCreateJson {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringCreateJson();
mapCreateJson();
beanCreateJson();
}
//String创建json
/**
* {
      "name":"王尼玛",
      "fans":[{
            "name":"小王",
            "age":"7"
           },{
            "name":"小尼玛",
            "age":"10"
           }]
      }
*/
static void StringCreateJson(){
JSONObject jsonObject
= new JSONObject();
jsonObject.put(
"name","王尼玛");

//粉丝是个数组,其实就是嵌套json
JSONObject jsonObject1 = new JSONObject();
jsonObject1.put(
"name","小王");
jsonObject1.put(
"age",7);

JSONObject jsonObject2
= new JSONObject();
jsonObject2.put(
"name","小尼玛");
jsonObject2.put(
"age",10);

//从此处可以看出其实list和json也是互相转换的
List<JSONObject> jsonObjects = new ArrayList<JSONObject>();
jsonObjects.add(jsonObject1);
jsonObjects.add(jsonObject2);
jsonObject.put(
"fans",jsonObjects);

System.out.println(
"jsonObject直接创建json:" + jsonObject);
}
//第二种方法,用map方式
static void mapCreateJson(){
Map
<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map.put(
"name","王尼玛");
Map
<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map1.put(
"name","小王");
map1.put(
"age",7);
Map
<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map2.put(
"name","小尼玛");
map2.put(
"age",10);
List
<Map> jsonObjects = new ArrayList<Map>();
jsonObjects.add(map1);
jsonObjects.add(map2);
map.put(
"fans",jsonObjects);
System.out.println(
"集合中Map创建json对象:" + new JSONObject(map));
}
//第三种,也是比较常用的,用bean转换,(这里用的是map作为子json,如果必须要创建复杂bean对象,建议用Gjson操作)
static void beanCreateJson(){
Actor actor
= new Actor();
actor.setName(
"王尼玛");
Map
<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map1.put(
"name","小王");
map1.put(
"age",7);
Map
<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
map2.put(
"name","小尼玛");
map2.put(
"age",10);
List
<Map> maps = new ArrayList<Map>();
maps.add(map1);
maps.add(map2);
actor.setFans(maps);
System.out.println(
"java bean创建json对象:" + new JSONObject(actor));
}
}

    2.3.1上面类缺少基本bean

Actor.java

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* Created by garfield on 2016/10/16.
*/
public class Actor {
private String name;
private List<Map> fans;

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public List<Map> getFans() {
return fans;
}

public void setFans(List<Map> fans) {
this.fans = fans;
}

}

  2.4 json的解析,这里写了两种解析方式,同样,比较常用的还是第二种,json转java bean

DemoParseJson.java

import com.google.gson.*;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.Map;

/**
* Created by garfield on 2016/10/16.
*/
public class DemoParseJson {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsonString
= "{\"fans\":[{\"name\":\"小王\",\"age\":7},{\"name\":\"小尼玛\",\"age\":10}],\"name\":\"王尼玛\"}";
normalParse(jsonString);
beanParse(jsonString);
}
static void normalParse(String jsonString){
JSONObject jsonObject
= new JSONObject(jsonString);
//获取普通属性
System.out.println("姓名:");
System.out.println(
" " + jsonObject.getString("name"));
//获取数组
System.out.println("粉丝:");
for (Object fan : jsonObject.getJSONArray("fans")) {
JSONObject object
= (JSONObject)fan;
System.out.println(
" 姓名:" + object.get("name") + ",年龄:" + object.get("age"));
}
}
//org.json并不支持这种复杂的bean转换,所以这边又导入了gson的包
static void beanParse(String jsonString){
System.out.println(
"=========Gson解析=========");
JsonObject obj
= new JsonParser().parse(jsonString).getAsJsonObject();
Actor actor
= new Gson().fromJson(obj,Actor.class);
System.out.println(
"姓名:");
System.out.println(
" " + obj.get("name"));
System.out.println(
"粉丝:");
for (Map map : actor.getFans()) {
System.out.println(
" 姓名:" + map.get("name") + "年龄:" + map.get("age"));
}
}
}

  2.4.1顺便附上执行结果:

姓名:
王尼玛
粉丝:
姓名:小王,年龄:
7
姓名:小尼玛,年龄:
10
=========Gson解析=========
姓名:
"王尼玛"
粉丝:
姓名:小王年龄7.
0
姓名:小尼玛年龄10.
0

ok,that's it...