django 的并发能力真的是令人担忧，这里就使用 nginx + uwsgi 提供高并发
nginx 的并发能力超高，单台并发能力过万（这个也不是绝对），在纯静态的 web 服务中更是突出其优越的地方，由于其底层使用 epoll 异步IO模型进行处理，使其深受欢迎
做过运维的应该都知道，php 需要使用 nginx + fastcgi 提供高并发，java 需要使用 nginx + tomcat 提供 web 服务
下面介绍如何使用 nginx + uwsgi 为 django 提供高并发 web 服务
1、系统环境
[root@crazy-acong ~]# uname -a
Linux crazy-acong 2.6.-.el6.x86_64 # SMP Wed Oct :: UTC x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@crazy-acong ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
2、python 及 django 版本
[root@crazy-acong ~]# python3 --version
Python 3.4.
[root@crazy-acong ~]# django-admin --version
1.10.
3、安装 uwsgi 及 测试 uwsgi
3.1 安装
[root@crazy-acong ~]# pip3 install uwsgi
3.2 测试 uwsgi 提供 web 服务的功能
# 创建 test.py 文件
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"] # python3
#return ["Hello World"] # python2 # 启动 uwsgi 服务
[root@crazy-acong ~]# uwsgi --http : --wsgi-file test.py # 查看启动进程
[root@crazy-acong ~]# netstat -lnpt | grep uwsgi
tcp 127.0.0.1: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /uwsgi
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /uwsgi # 在浏览器中访问 http://ip:8000 就可以看到 Hello World 字样了
3.3 将启动参数写入到配置文件中，然后进行启动 django 程序
3.3.1 创建 uwsgi 配置文件
[root@crazy-acong ~]# cd /data/django_test # 进入到 django 的主目录 [root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat test-uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
# 对外提供 http 服务的端口
http = : #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx 用于和 nginx 进行数据交互的端口
socket = 127.0.0.1: # the base directory (full path) django 程序的主目录
chdir = /data/django_test # Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = django_test/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes
processes = #thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = #monitor uwsgi status 通过该端口可以监控 uwsgi 的负载情况
stats = 127.0.0.1: # clear environment on exit
vacuum = true # 后台运行,并输出日志
daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log
3.3.2 通过 uwsgi 配置文件启动 django 程序
# 通过配置文件启动 django 程序
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# /usr/local/bin/uwsgi test-uwsgi.ini # 在浏览器中 通过访问 http://ip:9000 可以看到发布的 django 程序
4、安装 nginx
nginx 安装参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/CongZhang/p/6548570.html
5、配置 nginx 的配置文件
在 django 的主目录下创建下面的 nginx 配置文件，然后做软连接到 nginx 的配置文件目录，或者直接在 nginx 配置文件目录中添加该文件也可以
5.1 创建 nginx 配置文件
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
} # configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen ;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-; # max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
} location /static {
alias /data/django_test/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
} # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
5.2 重启nginx 服务
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10./conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10./conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload [root@crazy-acong django_test]# netstat -lnpt | grep
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /nginx
这个时候就可以通过 http://ip:8000 访问 django 程序了，不过目前还存在一个问题，访问 http://ip:8000/admin 发现静态文件貌似没读取到，需要通过下面的方法解决静态文件的问题
6、解决 django 多 app 静态文件的问题
# 在 django 程序的 settings.py 文件中添加以下内容 STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static_all") # 然后通过执行该命令，将静态文件整合到一个目录中
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# python3 manage.py collectstatic [root@crazy-acong django_test]# ll
total
drwxr-xr-x nginx games Mar : app01
-rw-r--r-- root root Mar : db.sqlite3
-rw-r--r-- root root Mar : django-nginx.conf
drwxr-xr-x nginx games Mar : django_test
-rwxr-xr-x nginx games Mar : manage.py
drwxr-xr-x nginx games Mar : static
drwxr-xr-x root root Mar : static_all # 此时会发现多了一个该目录，所有 app 的静态文件都整合到这一个目录中了
drwxr-xr-x nginx games Mar : templates
-rw-r--r-- root root Mar : test-uwsgi.ini
-rw-r--r-- root root Mar : uwsgi_params
然后需要修改 nginx 配置文件中 指向 django 静态目录的配置文件
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# cat /data/django_test/django-nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
} # configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen ;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-; # max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
} location /static {
# 需要修改的地方在这里
alias /data/django_test/static_all; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
} # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /data/django_test/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
最后重启 nginx 服务即可
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10./conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /data/application/nginx-1.10./conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@crazy-acong django_test]# nginx -s reload