Scrapy实战篇（四）爬取京东商城文胸信息

时间：2022-07-23 15:27:12

创建scrapy项目

scrapy startproject jingdong

填充 item.py文件

在这里定义想要存储的字段信息

import scrapy

class JingdongItem(scrapy.Item):

    content = scrapy.Field()

    creationTime = scrapy.Field()

    productColor = scrapy.Field()

    productSize = scrapy.Field()

    userClientShow = scrapy.Field()

    userLevelName = scrapy.Field()

class IdItem(scrapy.Item):

    id = scrapy.Field()

填充middlewares.py文件

中间件主要实现添加随机user-agent的作用。

import random

from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware

class RandomUserAgent(UserAgentMiddleware):

    def __init__(self, agents):

        self.agents = agents

    @classmethod

    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

        return cls(crawler.settings.getlist("USER_AGENTS"))

    def process_request(self, request, spider):

        request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', random.choice(self.agents))

填充pipelines.py文件

将我们爬取到的结果存储在mongo数据库中

from pymongo import MongoClient

class JingdongPipeline(object):

    collection = 'jingdong_cup'

    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):

        self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri

        self.mongo_db = mongo_db

    @classmethod

    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):

        return cls(

            mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_RUI'),

            mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')

        )

    # 爬虫启动将会自动执行下面的方法

    def open_spider(self,spider):

        self.client = MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)

        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]

    # 爬虫项目关闭调用的方法

    def close_spider(self, spider):

        self.client.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):

        table = self.db[self.collection]

        data = dict(item)

        table.insert_one(data)

        return "OK!"

设置settings.py文件

下面的这些信息需要简单的修改，其他的信息不动即可

BOT_NAME = 'jingdong'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['jingdong.spiders']

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'jingdong.spiders'

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

COOKIES_ENABLED = False

USER_AGENTS = [

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",

]

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

    'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,

    'jingdong.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 400

}

ITEM_PIPELINES = {

   'jingdong.pipelines.JingdongPipeline': 300,

}

MONGO_URI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'

MONGO_DB = 'JD'

最后在创建jingdong_spider.py文件，来实现我们的逻辑

主要的逻辑是这样的，在京东首页输入商品信息之后，第一步需要做的就是将每一页的商品id爬取下来，商品的id是一串数字，我们只要将这一串数字加入到url中，就可以拿到每件商品的评论页，评论信息是josn形式返回，当然这里还需要实现翻页的功能，代码如下。

from scrapy import Spider,Request

from jingdong.items import JingdongItem,IdItem

import json

import re

class JingdongSpider(Spider):

    name = 'jingdong'

    allowed_domains = []

    def start_requests(self):

        start_urls = ['https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword=%E6%96%87%E%83%B8&enc=utf-8&qrst=1&rt=1&stop=1&vt=2&suggest=1.his.0.0&page={}&s=1&click=0'.format(str(i)) for i in range(1,150,2)]

        for url in start_urls:

            yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    # 获取商品的id

    def parse(self, response):

        selector = response.xpath('//ul[@class="gl-warp clearfix"]/li')

        id_list = []

        for info in selector:

            try:

                id = info.xpath('@data-sku').extract_first()

                if id not in id_list:

                    id_list.append(id)

                    item = IdItem()

                    item['id'] = id

                    comment_url = 'https://sclub.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=fetchJSON_comment98vv6&productId={}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10&isShadowSku=0&fold=1'.format(str(id))

                    yield Request(url=comment_url, meta={'item':item}, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parseurl)

            except IndexError:

                continue

    # 拿到评论页信息，解析出页面总数，针对每一个页面再次请求

    def parseurl(self,response):

        t = re.findall('^fetchJSON_comment98vv\d*\((.*)\);', response.text)

        json_data = json.loads(t[0])  # 字符串格式格式化成json格式

        page = json_data['maxPage']

        item = response.meta['item']

        id = item['id']

        urls = ['https://sclub.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=fetchJSON_comment98vv6&productId={}&score=0&sortType=5&page={}&pageSize=10&isShadowSku=0&fold=1'.format(str(id), str(i)) for i in range(0, int(page))]

        for path in urls:

            yield Request(url=path, headers=self.headers, callback=self.parsebody)

    # 解析评论信息

    def parsebody(self,response):

        t = re.findall('^fetchJSON_comment98vv\d*\((.*)\);', response.text)  # 去掉json的头信息,变成一个单一的列表

        json_data = json.loads(t[0])

        for comment in json_data['comments']:  # 列表套字典格式

            item = JingdongItem()

            try:

                item['content'] = comment['content']

                item['creationTime'] = comment['creationTime']

                item['productColor'] = comment['productColor']

                item['productSize'] = comment['productSize']

                item['userClientShow'] = comment['userClientShow']

                item['userLevelName'] = comment['userLevelName']

                yield item

            except:

                continue

整体的代码可以去github下载：https://github.com/cnkai/jingdong-cup

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