spring注解之@PostConstruct在项目启动时执行指定方法

时间:2021-12-07 15:25:47

一、注解解释

Spring的@PostConstruct注解在方法上,表示此方法是在Spring实例化该Bean之后马上执行此方法,之后才会去实例化其他Bean,并且一个Bean中@PostConstruct注解的方法可以有多个。

二、示例代码

1. spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
"> <!-- 引入属性文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties" /> <!-- 自动扫描dao和service包(自动注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wbf.bean" /> </beans>

2. Bean1.java

 package com.wbf.bean;  

 import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;  

 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("bean1")
public class Bean1 { private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Bean1.class); public Bean1() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": Bean1 Constructor");
} @PostConstruct
public void test() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": bean1-->test()");
Bean2.uniqueInstance().test(); } @PostConstruct
public void print() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": bean1-->print()");
}
}

3. Bean2.java

package com.wbf.bean;  

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  

public class Bean2 {  

    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Bean2.class);  

    private static Bean2 instance = uniqueInstance();  

    public static Bean2 uniqueInstance() {
if (instance == null)
instance = new Bean2(); return instance;
} public Bean2() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": Bean2 Construtor");
} public void test() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": bean2-->test()");
}
}

4.  Bean3.java

 package com.wbf.bean;  

 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service("bean3")
public class Bean3 { private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Bean3.class); public Bean3() {
log.info(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": Bean3 Construtor");
} }

5. SpringTest.java

 package com.wbf.bean;  

 import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest { @Test
public void test() {
//加载/解析spring.xml, 得到BeanFactory, 实例化所有IOC容器中的Bean
//在实例化每一个Bean之后,如果当前Bean包含@PostConstruct注解的方法则会马上执行该方法,之后才会去实例化其他的Bean
//每一个Bean中可以有多个包含@PostConstruct注解的方法
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"classpath:spring.xml"});
} }

运行结果:

[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext]Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@b0f2b2: startup date [Thu Jun 11 11:51:17 CST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
[org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader]Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [spring.xml]
[org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer]Loading properties file from class path resource [config.properties]
[org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor]JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
[org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory]Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1b8dc93: defining beans [org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer#0,bean1,bean3,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor]; root of factory hierarchy
[com.wbf.bean.Bean1]1433994678340: Bean1 Constructor
[com.wbf.bean.Bean1]1433994678347: bean1-->print()
[com.wbf.bean.Bean1]1433994678347: bean1-->test()
[com.wbf.bean.Bean2]1433994678348: Bean2 Construtor
[com.wbf.bean.Bean3]1433994678348: Bean3 Construtor

从运行结果可以看出Spring在实例化Bean1之后马上执行了它的@PostConstruct注解的方法print()和test(),之后才去实例化Bean3。其中Bean2没有被Spring IOC容器管理。

三、补充说明

1.@PostConstruct说明

被@PostConstruct修饰的方法会在服务器加载Servlet(bean)的时候运行,并且只会被服务器调用一次,类似于Serclet的inti()方法。被@PostConstruct修饰的方法会在构造函数之后,init()方法之前运行。

2.@PreDestroy说明

被@PreDestroy修饰的方法会在服务器卸载Servlet(bean)的时候运行,并且只会被服务器调用一次,类似于Servlet的destroy()方法。被@PreDestroy修饰的方法会在destroy()方法之后运行,在Servlet被彻底卸载之前

spring注解之@PostConstruct在项目启动时执行指定方法

另外,spring中Constructor、@Autowired、@PostConstruct的顺序

其实从依赖注入的字面意思就可以知道,要将对象p注入到对象a,那么首先就必须得生成对象a和对象p,才能执行注入。所以,如果一个类A中有个成员变量p被@Autowried注解,那么@Autowired注入是发生在A的构造方法执行完之后的。

如果想在生成对象时完成某些初始化操作,而偏偏这些初始化操作又依赖于依赖注入,那么久无法在构造函数中实现。为此,可以使用@PostConstruct注解一个方法来完成初始化,@PostConstruct注解的方法将会在依赖注入完成后被自动调用。

Constructor >> @Autowired >> @PostConstruct

举个例子:

    public Class AAA{
@Autowired
private BBB b; public AAA() {
System.out.println("此时b还未被注入: b = " + b);
}
@PostConstruct
private void init () {
System.out.println("@PostConstruct将在依赖注入完成后被自动调用: b = " + b);
}
}