1、在线程操作中有一个经典的案例程序,即生产者和消费者问题,生产者不断生产,消费者不断取走生产者生产的产品。程序的基本实现如下:
package Thread;
/**
* 信息类
*/
class Info {
private String name = "张三";
private String content = "产品经理";
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}
/**
* 生产者
*/
class Producer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Producer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean flag = true;
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
if(flag){
this.info.setName("张三");
try{
Thread.sleep(90);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setContent("产品经理");
flag = false;
}else{
this.info.setName("李四");
try{
Thread.sleep(90);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setContent("程序员");
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"-->"+this.info.getContent());
}
}
}
public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info i = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(i);
Consumer con = new Consumer(i);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
2、此时会出现下面两个问题:
(1)假设生产者线程刚向数据存储空间添加了信息的名称,还没有加入信息的内容,程序就切换到了消费者线程,消费者线程把信息的名称和上一个信息的内容联系到一起。
(2)生产者放了若干次的数据,消费者才开始取数据,或者是,消费者取完一个数据后,还没等到生产者放入新的数据,又重复取出已取过的数据。
3、问题解决
(1)加入同步
要为操作加入同步,则可以通过定义同步方法的方式完成,即将设置名称和姓名定义成一个同步方法,代码如下:
package Thread;
/**
* 信息类
*/
class Info {
private String name = "张三";
private String content = "产品经理";
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public synchronized void set(String name,String content){
this.setName(name);
try {
Thread.sleep(90);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.setContent(content);
}
public synchronized void get(){
try {
Thread.sleep(300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());
}
}
/**
* 生产者
*/
class Producer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Producer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean flag = true;
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
if(flag){
this.info.set("张三", "产品经理");
flag = false;
}else{
this.info.set("李四", "程序员");
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消费者
*/
class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info i = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(i);
Consumer con = new Consumer(i);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
程序的运行结果部分截图如下:
从程序的运行结果中可以发现,信息错乱的问题已经解决了,但是依然存在重复读取的问题,既然有重复读取,则肯定会有重复设置的问题,那么对于这样的问题该如何解决呢?此时,就要用Object类来帮忙了
(2)加入等待与唤醒
修改Info类,代码如下:
/**
* 信息类
*/
class Info {
private String name = "张三";
private String content = "产品经理";
private boolean flag = false; //设置标志位
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public synchronized void set(String name,String content){
if(!flag){
try{
super.wait(); //等待消费者取走
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.setName(name);
try {
Thread.sleep(90);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.setContent(content);
flag = false;
super.notify(); //唤醒等待线程
}
public synchronized void get(){
if(flag){
try {
super.wait(); //等待生产者生产
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());
flag = true;
super.notify(); //唤醒等待线程
}
}
此时程序运行结果如下图:
从程序的运行结果可以清楚的发现,生产者每生产一个就要等待消费者取走,消费者每取走一个就要等待生产者生产,这样就避免了重复生产和重复取走的问题。至此问题得到解决,最终代码如下:
package Thread;
/**
* 信息类
*/
class Info {
private String name = "张三";
private String content = "产品经理";
private boolean flag = false; //设置标志位
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public synchronized void set(String name,String content){
if(!flag){
try{
super.wait(); //等待消费者取走
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.setName(name);
try {
Thread.sleep(90);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.setContent(content);
flag = false;
super.notify(); //唤醒等待线程
}
public synchronized void get(){
if(flag){
try {
super.wait(); //等待生产者生产
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(300);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());
flag = true;
super.notify(); //唤醒等待线程
}
}
/**
* 生产者
*/
class Producer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Producer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean flag = true;
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
if(flag){
this.info.set("张三", "产品经理");
flag = false;
}else{
this.info.set("李四", "程序员");
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消费者
*/
class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info){
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<50;i++){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info i = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(i);
Consumer con = new Consumer(i);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}