尊重原创：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/93290/showart_1858623.html
一：
invalid option `abi=aapcs-linux'选项错误
scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK include/linux/version.h
SYMLINK include/asm-arm/arch -> include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
CC arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
cc1: error: invalid option `abi=aapcs-linux'
make[1]: *** [arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s] Error 1
make: *** [prepare0] Error 2
解决方法：
You're building an EABI kernel with an OABI compiler. You can either turn off the EABI option in your config file (Kernel Features->Use EABI),or, you can use an EABI toolchain such as the ARM/GNU Linux one from <http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/download.html>.I recommend the latter, because then you can run Arjan's new images.
上述的关掉EABI选项可以通过测试
二：
drivers/video/console/vgacon.o:987:warning:comparison is always true due to limited range of data type
make[3]:***[drivers/video/console/vgacon.o] error 1
make[2]:***[drivers/video/console2] error 2
make[1]:***[drivers/video1] error 2
make:***[drivers] error 2
解决方法：
在make menuconfig 时选哪个设备驱动的选项进去在选Graphics support ->
console display driver support->
vga text console(不选这个)
再编译就行了!
三：`rtc_lock'未定义错误（未完全解决）
方法：
drivers/built-in.o(.text+0x281e4):drivers/char/nvram.c:350: more undefined references to `rtc_lock' follow
查找drivers/char/nvram.c有关的rtc_lock定义，发现2.6.21与以往的kernel不同，于是在包含文件中查找，在include/linux/mc146818rtc.h中发现了rtc_lock的定义，但是有一个__KERNEL__的条件编译选项，去掉这个条件编译选项，再make zImage，但是问题好像依然存在，继续在drivers/char/nvram.c中增加这个定义spinlock_t rtc_lock;再编译，发现编译通过。
四：
make zImage和make xipImage
Kernel configured for XIP (CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL=y)
Only the xipImage target is available in this case
make[1]: *** [arch/arm/boot/zImage] Error 1
make: *** [zImage] Error 2
解决方法：
好象是make menuconfig的时候Boot options--->Kernel Execte-In-Place from ROM选项问题，去掉这个选项编译通过（如果是make xopImage时則需要将这个选项选上），最终成功编译了make zImage。
五:
出现make:***[.tmp_vmlinux1] Error 1这类错误
解决方法：修改arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
[arm@localhost linux2.6.14]$
vi arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
将文件尾2条的ASSERT注释掉（1439行）
/* ASSERT((__proc_info_end __
proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support") */
/* ASSERT((__arch_info_end __
arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined") */
然后重新make zImage即可
六:
如果大家遇到一下几个问题可以参考本文：
a make menuconfig
1） /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses
解决办法：
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
2） Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!
解决办法： 窗口最大化
b
/usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-ld:arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds:782: parse error
make: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] 错误 1
ld链接时产生错误
对应行：
/home/kevin/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
/* those must never be empty */
ASSERT((__proc_info_end - __proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support")
ASSERT((__arch_info_end - __arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined")
解决办法： 注释掉这两行
下面是编译时产生的一些信息
1' cross compile
# CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used
# during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables
# are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE).
# CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
# make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
# Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
# Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
# Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
ARCH := arm
CROSS_COMPILE := /usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-
2'
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make distclean
# distclean
#
.PHONY: distclean
distclean: mrproper
@find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) /
/( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' /
-o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '.*.orig' /
-o -name '.*.rej' -o -size 0 /
-o -name '*%' -o -name '.*.cmd' -o -name 'core' /) /
-type f -print | xargs rm -f
只是找到一些残存文件并删除；
3‘
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make menuconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
scripts/basic/fixdep.c: 在函数‘parse_config_file’中：
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:245: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘use_config’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/fixdep.c: 在函数‘parse_dep_file’中：
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:299: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strchr’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:299: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
HOSTCC scripts/basic/split-include
scripts/basic/split-include.c: 在函数‘main’中：
scripts/basic/split-include.c:113: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘find_export_symbols’中：
scripts/basic/docproc.c:184: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c:185: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c:202: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘add_new_symbol’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘singfunc’中：
scripts/basic/docproc.c:274: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘parse_file’中：
scripts/basic/docproc.c:296: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.h
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘strip’中：
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:46: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_askvalue’中：
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:94: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘fgets’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_string’中：
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:187: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:188: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_sym’中：
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_choice’中：
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:350: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘fgets’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:360: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘atoi’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:384: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘cprint1’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:337: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:339: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘vsprintf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘cprint’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:357: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:359: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘vsprintf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘search_conf’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:550: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘sym_re_search’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:761: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘strcpy’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:765: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_choice’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:915: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:920: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_string’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:961: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘sym_set_string_value’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_load’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:990: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_read’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_save’中：
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:1019: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_write’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2125:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_expand_value’中：
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:39: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strchr’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:39: 警告： 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:40: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘__builtin_strncat’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:51: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘strcat’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_get_default_confname’中：
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:62: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_expand_value’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_read’中：
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:88: 警告： 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_expand_value’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/mconf
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses
collect2: ld 返回 1
-e
>> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries.
>>
>> You must install ncurses-devel in order
>> to use 'make menuconfig'
make[2]: *** [scripts/lxdialog/ncurses] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2
分析， make menuconfig 机制
linux内核配置界面
make config是有问必答的方式，每个内核选项它都会问你要、不要、模块，选错了一个就必须从头再来一遍；make menuconfig提供一个基于文本的图形界面，它依赖于ncurses5这个包，键盘操作，可以修改选项，一般推荐用这个；make xconfig需要你有x window system支持，就是说你要在KDE、GNOME之类的X桌面环境下才可用，好处是支持鼠标，坏处是X本身占用系统周期，而且X环境容易引起编译器的不稳定
缺少相应的文件
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ dpkg -l |grep ncurses
ii libncurses5 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2 Shared libraries for terminal handling
ii libncursesw5 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2 Shared libraries for terminal handling (wide
ii mtr-tiny 0.72-2ubuntu1 Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
ii ncurses-base 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2 Descriptions of common terminal types
ii ncurses-bin 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2 Terminal-related programs and man pages
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/scripts$ find . -type f |xargs grep [N,n]curses
./lxdialog/dialog.h: * Colors in ncurses 1.9.9e do not work properly since foreground and
./lxdialog/dialog.h: * of dialog was hacked to work with ncurses 1.9.9e, making it incompatible
./lxdialog/Makefile:HOST_LOADLIBES := -lncurses
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile: HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>"
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses/curses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses/curses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile: HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses/curses.h>"
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile: HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>"
./lxdialog/Makefile:always := ncurses $(hostprogs-y)
./lxdialog/Makefile:.PHONY: $(obj)/ncurses
./lxdialog/Makefile:$(obj)/ncurses:
./lxdialog/Makefile: echo ">> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries." ;/
./lxdialog/Makefile: echo ">> You must install ncurses-devel in order" ;/
二进制文件 ./kconfig/mconf 匹配
二进制文件 ./kconfig/mconf.o 匹配
./kconfig/mconf.c:"export those variables via /etc/profile. Some ncurses programs can/n"
在文件中调用：
.PHONY: $(obj)/ncurses
$(obj)/ncurses:
@echo "main() {}" > lxtemp.c
@if $(HOSTCC) lxtemp.c $(HOST_LOADLIBES); then /
rm -f lxtemp.c a.out; /
else /
rm -f lxtemp.c; /
echo -e "/007" ;/
echo ">> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries." ;/
echo ">>" ;/
echo ">> You must install ncurses-devel in order" ;/
HOST_LOADLIBES := -lncurses
http://moto.debian.org.tw/viewtopic.php?t=1544&sid=75aadf515141417d196e6e05d3209bff
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
继续
scripts/lxdialog/lxdialog.c:211: 警告： 传递参数 2 (属于‘fprintf’) 给指针时，目标与指针符号不一致
HOSTCC scripts/lxdialog/menubox.o
HOSTCC scripts/lxdialog/msgbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/lxdialog/textbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/lxdialog/util.o
HOSTCC scripts/lxdialog/yesno.o
HOSTLD scripts/lxdialog/lxdialog
scripts/kconfig/mconf arch/arm/Kconfig
drivers/char/Kconfig:587: can't open file "drivers/char/watchdog/Kconfig" '
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 1
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2
重新解压
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make menuconfig
scripts/kconfig/mconf arch/arm/Kconfig
#
# using defaults found in .config
#
Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!
It must be at least 19 lines by 80 columns.
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 1
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2
呵呵，原来窗口需要最大化
导入配置文件
make zImage
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make zImage
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: “arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s”是最新的。
make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。
CHK include/linux/compile.h
CHK usr/initramfs_list
GEN .version
CHK include/linux/compile.h
UPD include/linux/compile.h
CC init/version.o
LD init/built-in.o
LD .tmp_vmlinux1
/usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-ld:arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds:782: parse error
make: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] 错误 1
ld链接时产生错误
对应行：
/home/kevin/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
/* those must never be empty */
ASSERT((__proc_info_end - __proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support")
ASSERT((__arch_info_end - __arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined")
ld用法：
http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2005-08/msg00356.html
For the moment, I recommend commenting out those lines, and checking
manually that you have proc and arch info in your final vmlinux image.
注视掉这两行；
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make zImage
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: “arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s”是最新的。
make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。
CHK include/linux/compile.h
CHK usr/initramfs_list
GEN .version
CHK include/linux/compile.h
UPD include/linux/compile.h
CC init/version.o
LD init/built-in.o
LD .tmp_vmlinux1
KSYM .tmp_kallsyms1.S
AS .tmp_kallsyms1.o
LD .tmp_vmlinux2
KSYM .tmp_kallsyms2.S
AS .tmp_kallsyms2.o
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
In file included from include/asm/arch/uncompress.h:29,
from arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.c:23:
include/asm/arch/regs-gpio.h:856:29: warning: no newline at end of file
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
内核编译成功