Spring 3.1新特性之二:@Enable*注解的源码,spring源码分析之定时任务Scheduled注解

时间:2021-06-12 14:37:40

观察下这些@Enable*注解的源码,可以发现所有的注解都有一个@Import注解。

@Import注解是用来导入配置类的,这也就是说这些自动开启的实现其实是导入了一些自动配置的Bean。

一、@Import注解导入配置方式的三种类型

第一类:直接导入配置类

例如,@EnableScheduling中直接导入配置类SchedulingConfiguration,这个类注解了@Configuration,且注册了一个scheduledAnnotationProcessor的Bean

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import({SchedulingConfiguration.class})
@Documented
public @interface EnableScheduling {
}

第二类:依据条件选择配置类

例如在@EnableAsync中,通过AsyncConfigurationSelector.class的选择配置类配置。

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(AsyncConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAsync {
    Class<? extends Annotation> annotation() default Annotation.class;
    boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
    AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;
    int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

}

AsyncConfigurationSelector通过条件来选择需要导入的配置类,

AsyncConfigurationSelector的根接口为ImportSelector,这个接口需要重写selectImports方法,在此方法内进行事先条件判断。

若adviceMode为PORXY,则返回ProxyAsyncConfiguration这个配置类。

若activeMode为ASPECTJ,则返回AspectJAsyncConfiguration配置类。

关键方法如下:

public class AsyncConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableAsync> {

    private static final String ASYNC_EXECUTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME =
            "org.springframework.scheduling.aspectj.AspectJAsyncConfiguration";

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * @return {@link ProxyAsyncConfiguration} or {@code AspectJAsyncConfiguration} for
     * {@code PROXY} and {@code ASPECTJ} values of {@link EnableAsync#mode()}, respectively
     */
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {
        switch (adviceMode) {
            case PROXY:
                return new String[] { ProxyAsyncConfiguration.class.getName() };
            case ASPECTJ:
                return new String[] { ASYNC_EXECUTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME };
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

}

 

第三类:动态注册Bean

spring中的EnableAspectJAutoProxy.java

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)
public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy {
    boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
    boolean exposeProxy() default false;
}

AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口,ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的作用是在运行时自动添加Bean到已有的配置类,通过重写方法:

class AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {

    /**
     * Register, escalate, and configure the AspectJ auto proxy creator based on the value
     * of the @{@link EnableAspectJAutoProxy#proxyTargetClass()} attribute on the importing
     * {@code @Configuration} class.
     */
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(
            AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

        AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);

        AnnotationAttributes enableAspectJAutoProxy =
                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, EnableAspectJAutoProxy.class);
        if (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean("proxyTargetClass")) {
            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);
        }
        if (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean("exposeProxy")) {
            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToExposeProxy(registry);
        }
    }

}

其中,AnnotationMetadata参数用来获得当前配置类上的注解;

BeanDefinittionRegistry参数用来注册Bean。

二、spring中的@Enable*

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy

@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注解 激活Aspect自动代理,使用@EnableAspectJAutoProxy相当于<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />开启对AspectJ自动代理的支持。

@EnableAsync

@EnableAsync注解开启异步方法的支持。

见《@Async实现异步调用

@EnableScheduling

@EnableScheduling注解开启计划任务的支持。

示例见《Spring的@Scheduled任务调度

@EnableWebMVC

@EnableWebMVC注解用来开启Web MVC的配置支持。

也就是写Spring MVC时的时候会用到。

@EnableConfigurationProperties

@EnableConfigurationProperties注解是用来开启对@ConfigurationProperties注解配置Bean的支持。

@EnableJpaRepositories

@EnableJpaRepositories注解开启对Spring Data JPA Repostory的支持。

Spring Data JPA 框架,主要针对的就是 Spring 唯一没有简化到的业务逻辑代码,至此,开发者连仅剩的实现持久层业务逻辑的工作都省了,唯一要做的,就只是声明持久层的接口,其他都交给 Spring Data JPA 来帮你完成!

简单的说,Spring Data JPA是用来持久化数据的框架。

@EnableTransactionManagement

@EnableTransactionManagement注解开启注解式事务的支持。

注解@EnableTransactionManagement通知Spring,@Transactional注解的类被事务的切面包围。这样@Transactional就可以使用了。

@EnableCaching

@EnableCaching注解开启注解式的缓存支持

 

三、@EnableScheduling源码分析

1. @Scheduled 可以将一个方法标识为可定时执行的。但必须指明cron(),fixedDelay(),或者fixedRate()属性。

注解的方法必须是无输入参数并返回空类型void的。

@Scheduled注解由注册的ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor来处理,该processor可以通过手动来注册,更方面的方式是通过<task:annotation-driven/>或者@EnableScheduling来注册。@EnableScheduling可以注册的原理是什么呢?先看定义:

package org.springframework.scheduling.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;


@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import(SchedulingConfiguration.class)
@Documented
public @interface EnableScheduling {

}

可以看到@EnableScheduling的实现由SchedulingConfiguration来完成。

@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class SchedulingConfiguration {

    @Bean(name = TaskManagementConfigUtils.SCHEDULED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
    @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
    public ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor scheduledAnnotationProcessor() {
        return new ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
    }

}

从上述代码可以看出,SchedulingConfiguration注册了一个ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor。

来看一下ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor来如何处理定时任务的?

    protected void processScheduled(Scheduled scheduled, Method method, Object bean) {
        try {
            Assert.isTrue(method.getParameterTypes().length == 0,
                    "Only no-arg methods may be annotated with @Scheduled");

            Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, bean.getClass());
            Runnable runnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(bean, invocableMethod);
            boolean processedSchedule = false;
            String errorMessage =
                    "Exactly one of the 'cron', 'fixedDelay(String)', or 'fixedRate(String)' attributes is required";

            Set<ScheduledTask> tasks = new LinkedHashSet<ScheduledTask>(4);

            // Determine initial delay
            long initialDelay = scheduled.initialDelay();
            String initialDelayString = scheduled.initialDelayString();
            if (StringUtils.hasText(initialDelayString)) {
                Assert.isTrue(initialDelay < 0, "Specify 'initialDelay' or 'initialDelayString', not both");
                if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                    initialDelayString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(initialDelayString);
                }
                try {
                    initialDelay = Long.parseLong(initialDelayString);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Invalid initialDelayString value \"" + initialDelayString + "\" - cannot parse into integer");
                }
            }

            // Check cron expression
            String cron = scheduled.cron();
            if (StringUtils.hasText(cron)) {
                Assert.isTrue(initialDelay == -1, "'initialDelay' not supported for cron triggers");
                processedSchedule = true;
                String zone = scheduled.zone();
                if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                    cron = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(cron);
                    zone = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(zone);
                }
                TimeZone timeZone;
                if (StringUtils.hasText(zone)) {
                    timeZone = StringUtils.parseTimeZoneString(zone);
                }
                else {
                    timeZone = TimeZone.getDefault();
                }
                tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleCronTask(new CronTask(runnable, new CronTrigger(cron, timeZone))));
            }

            // At this point we don't need to differentiate between initial delay set or not anymore
            if (initialDelay < 0) {
                initialDelay = 0;
            }

            // Check fixed delay
            long fixedDelay = scheduled.fixedDelay();
            if (fixedDelay >= 0) {
                Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                processedSchedule = true;
                tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedDelayTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay)));
            }
            String fixedDelayString = scheduled.fixedDelayString();
            if (StringUtils.hasText(fixedDelayString)) {
                Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                processedSchedule = true;
                if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                    fixedDelayString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(fixedDelayString);
                }
                try {
                    fixedDelay = Long.parseLong(fixedDelayString);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Invalid fixedDelayString value \"" + fixedDelayString + "\" - cannot parse into integer");
                }
                tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedDelayTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay)));
            }

            // Check fixed rate
            long fixedRate = scheduled.fixedRate();
            if (fixedRate >= 0) {
                Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                processedSchedule = true;
                tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedRateTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay)));
            }
            String fixedRateString = scheduled.fixedRateString();
            if (StringUtils.hasText(fixedRateString)) {
                Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                processedSchedule = true;
                if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                    fixedRateString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(fixedRateString);
                }
                try {
                    fixedRate = Long.parseLong(fixedRateString);
                }
                catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Invalid fixedRateString value \"" + fixedRateString + "\" - cannot parse into integer");
                }
                tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedRateTask(new IntervalTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay)));
            }

            // Check whether we had any attribute set
            Assert.isTrue(processedSchedule, errorMessage);

            // Finally register the scheduled tasks
            synchronized (this.scheduledTasks) {
                Set<ScheduledTask> registeredTasks = this.scheduledTasks.get(bean);
                if (registeredTasks == null) {
                    registeredTasks = new LinkedHashSet<ScheduledTask>(4);
                    this.scheduledTasks.put(bean, registeredTasks);
                }
                registeredTasks.addAll(tasks);
            }
        }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Encountered invalid @Scheduled method '" + method.getName() + "': " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

从上面的代码可以看出:@Scheduled有三个属性,分别是:

cron expression
fixedDelay
fixedRate 

根据这些属性的不同,都加入到ScheduledTaskRegistrar来管理定时任务:

ScheduledTaskRegistrar.java

    protected void scheduleTasks() {
        if (this.taskScheduler == null) {
            this.localExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
            this.taskScheduler = new ConcurrentTaskScheduler(this.localExecutor);
        }
        if (this.triggerTasks != null) {
            for (TriggerTask task : this.triggerTasks) {
                addScheduledTask(scheduleTriggerTask(task));
            }
        }
        if (this.cronTasks != null) {
            for (CronTask task : this.cronTasks) {
                addScheduledTask(scheduleCronTask(task));
            }
        }
        if (this.fixedRateTasks != null) {
            for (IntervalTask task : this.fixedRateTasks) {
                addScheduledTask(scheduleFixedRateTask(task));
            }
        }
        if (this.fixedDelayTasks != null) {
            for (IntervalTask task : this.fixedDelayTasks) {
                addScheduledTask(scheduleFixedDelayTask(task));
            }
        }
    }

 

从上面看出:

3种不同属性的task均由quartz的taskScheduler的不同方法来完成,

scheduleWithFixedDelay,
scheduleAtFixedRate,
schedule

即最终的实现由TaskScheduler来完成定时任务。