最近一直在学习自定义控件,搜了许多大牛们Blog里分享的小教程,也上GitHub找了一些类似的控件进行学习。发现读起来都不太好懂,就想写这么一篇东西作为学习笔记吧。
一、控件介绍:
进度条在App中非常常见,例如下载进度、加载图片、打开文章、打开网页等等……都需要这么一个效果让用户知道我们的App正在读取,以构造良好 的交互。如果没有这样一个效果的话,用户没法知道东西有没有下载好、图片加载了没有、文章打开了没……会让用户很不爽。基于这样的情景我们的UI设计师们 创造了这样一个控件。
二、这篇文章会涉及的知识点:
跟我一样刚入门的Android菜鸟们,我推荐大家先了解一下这些知识点再往下看。这些知识点我也会推荐一些博客给大家看看,更推荐大家看文档里的解释,当然大牛们可以直接无视……
1、ClipDrawable类:能够对一个drawable类进行剪切操作(即只显示某一部分的区域,另一部分隐藏),显示多大的区域由level控制(level取值是0~10000)
【博客:http://blog.csdn.net/lonelyroamer/article/details/8244777】、没文档的可以在这看【http://www.apihome.cn/api/android/ClipDrawable.html】
2、自定义View:guolin大神的深入学习View四部曲
【 Android LayoutInflater原理分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/12921889】
【 Android视图绘制流程完全解析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/16330267】
【 Android视图状态及重绘流程分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17045157】
Android自定义View的实现方法,带你一步步深入了解View ——
http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17357967】
3、没看过我写的:Android自定义控件——老版优酷三级菜单的话,或许需要看看这个:
【RotateAnimation详解——】
三、Android上的实现方式:
(前三种方法比较简单,第四种方法是GitHub项目的解析,对前三种没兴趣可以直接跳到后边……)
1、效果图:
将进度条的变换过程分解为一帧一帧的图片,将这些一帧一帧的图片连起来构成一个动画。常用于:手机阅读网页、逛社区时,加载图片、文章等不需要清楚知道加载进度,但是需要知道是否进行加载的情景。
这种方法实现可以通过创建一个animation-list的XML文件,然后给系统API提供的ProgressBar的indeterminateDrawable属性就可以了。(这个属性应该是类似于设置一个动画吧……)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:oneshot="false" >
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_01"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_02"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_03"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_04"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_05"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_06"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_07"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_08"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_09"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_10"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_11"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item>
<item android:duration="150" >
<clip
android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
android:drawable="@drawable/loading_12"
android:gravity="left"/>
</item> </animation-list>
<ProgressBar
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar1"
/>
2 、效果图:
在上一篇有关自定义控件的博客里我们使用了一个RotateAnimation类来实现旋转效果 (http://blog.csdn.net/u012403246/article/details/41309161),其实,我们在这里也可以把一 张图片,通过旋转,达到我们要的效果。本质上和上一种方法没多大区别。
我们只需要创建一个rotate的XML,对其属性进行一些简单的设置,然后加入我们要用的图片就可以了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rotate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:pivotX="50%"
android:pivotY="50%"
android:fromDegrees="0"
android:toDegrees="360"
android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator" >
<bitmap
android:antialias="true"
android:filter="true"
android:src="@drawable/loading_360"/> </rotate>
<ProgressBar
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar2"/>
3、效果图:
我们可以弄两张照片,第一张是纯黑色的,然后把这张照片中心挖一个圆出来,圆区域弄成白色,挖出来的圆弄成第二张照片。我们不妨叠加显示两张照片,刚开始把第二张完全“遮住”,随着加载进度的增加,我们减少遮住的区域把第二张照片慢慢的显示出来。
Android 上刚好就有这么一个ClipDrawable类,能够实现剪裁的过程。我们来看看怎么通过这样的方式自定义一个进度条控件。
public class MyProgressBar extends FrameLayout{
private boolean running;
private int progress = 0;
private static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 10000; private ClipDrawable clip; private Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
if(msg.what == 0x123)
clip.setLevel(progress);
}
}; public MyProgressBar(Context context){
this(context,null,0);
} public MyProgressBar(Context context,AttributeSet attrs){
this(context,null,0);
} public MyProgressBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
Init(context);
} public void Init(Context context){
View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.view, null); ImageView iv = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.progress_img); addView(view);
clip = (ClipDrawable)iv.getDrawable(); Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override
public void run() {
running = true;
while(running){
handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);
if(progress == MAX_PROGRESS)
progress = 0;
progress += 100;
try {
Thread.sleep(18);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
thread.start();
} public void stop(){
progress = 0;
running = false;
}
}
通过代码我们可以看到,逻辑非常简单,关键就在于ClipDrawable的setLevel()方法,这个是设置剪裁效果的。
4、效果图:
实现一个View的子类——Progress Wheel类,实现进度条效果。具体的内容我都写在了注释上,如果不了解自定义控件的知识,可以去阅读guolin博客里自定义View四部曲的讲解,讲的挺好的。
代码 :
public class ProgressWheel extends View { //绘制View用到的各种长、宽带大小
private int layout_height = 0;
private int layout_width = 0;
private int fullRadius = 100;
private int circleRadius = 80;
private int barLength = 60;
private int barWidth = 20;
private int rimWidth = 20;
private int textSize = 20;
private float contourSize = 0; //与页边的间距
private int paddingTop = 5;
private int paddingBottom = 5;
private int paddingLeft = 5;
private int paddingRight = 5; //View要绘制的颜色
private int barColor = 0xAA000000;
private int contourColor = 0xAA000000;
private int circleColor = 0x00000000;
private int rimColor = 0xAADDDDDD;
private int textColor = 0xFF000000; //绘制要用的画笔
private Paint barPaint = new Paint();
private Paint circlePaint = new Paint();
private Paint rimPaint = new Paint();
private Paint textPaint = new Paint();
private Paint contourPaint = new Paint(); //绘制要用的矩形
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private RectF rectBounds = new RectF();
private RectF circleBounds = new RectF();
private RectF circleOuterContour = new RectF();
private RectF circleInnerContour = new RectF(); //动画
//每次绘制要移动的像素数目
private int spinSpeed = 2;
//绘制过程的时间间隔
private int delayMillis = 0;
int progress = 0;
boolean isSpinning = false; //其他
private String text = "";
private String[] splitText = {}; /**
* ProgressWheel的构造方法
*
* @param context
* @param attrs
*/
public ProgressWheel(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs); parseAttributes(context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.ProgressWheel));
} //----------------------------------
//初始化一些元素
//---------------------------------- /*
* 调用这个方法时,使View绘制为方形
* From: http://www.jayway.com/2012/12/12/creating-custom-android-views-part-4-measuring-and-how-to-force-a-view-to-be-square/
*
*/
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// 首先我们要调用超类的onMeasure借口
// 原因是我们自己去实现一个方法获得长度、宽度太麻烦了
// 使用超类的的方法非常方便而且让复杂的细节可控
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); // 在这里我们不能使用getWidth()和getHeight()。
// 因为这两个方法只能在View的布局完成后才能使用,而一个View的绘制过程是先绘制元素,再绘制Layout
// 所以我们必须使用getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight()
int size = 0;
int width = getMeasuredWidth();
int height = getMeasuredHeight();
int widthWithoutPadding = width - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();
int heigthWithoutPadding = height - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom(); // 最后我们用一些简单的逻辑去计算View的大小并调用setMeasuredDimension()去设置View的大小
// 在比较View的长宽前我们不考虑间距,但当我们设置View所需要绘制的面积时,我们要考虑它
// 不考虑间距的View(View内的实际画面)此时就应该是方形的,但是由于间距的存在,最终View所占的面积可能不是方形的
if (widthWithoutPadding > heigthWithoutPadding) {
size = heigthWithoutPadding;
} else {
size = widthWithoutPadding;
} // 如果你重写了onMeasure()方法,你必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法
// 这是你设置View大小的唯一途径
// 如果你不调用setMeasuredDimension()方法,父控件会抛出异常,并且程序会崩溃
// 如果我们使用了超类的onMeasure()方法,我们就不是那么需要setMeasuredDimension()方法
// 然而,重写onMeasure()方法是为了改变既有的绘制流程,所以我们必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法以达到我们的目的
setMeasuredDimension(size + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(), size + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom());
} /**
* 使用onSizeChanged方法代替onAttachedToWindow获得View的面积
* 因为这个方法会在测量了MATCH_PARENT和WRAP_CONTENT后马上被调用
* 使用获得的面积设置View
*/
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); // Share the dimensions
layout_width = w;
layout_height = h; setupBounds();
setupPaints();
invalidate();
} /**
* 设置我们想要绘制的progress wheel的颜色
*/
private void setupPaints() {
barPaint.setColor(barColor);
barPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
barPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
barPaint.setStrokeWidth(barWidth); rimPaint.setColor(rimColor);
rimPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
rimPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
rimPaint.setStrokeWidth(rimWidth); circlePaint.setColor(circleColor);
circlePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
circlePaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); textPaint.setColor(textColor);
textPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
textPaint.setTextSize(textSize); contourPaint.setColor(contourColor);
contourPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
contourPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
contourPaint.setStrokeWidth(contourSize);
} /**
* 设置元素的边界
*/
private void setupBounds() {
// 为了保持宽度和长度的一致,我们要获得layout_width和layout_height中较小的一个,从而绘制一个圆
int minValue = Math.min(layout_width, layout_height); // 计算在绘制过程中在x,y方向的偏移量
int xOffset = layout_width - minValue;
int yOffset = layout_height - minValue; // 间距加上偏移量
paddingTop = this.getPaddingTop() + (yOffset / 2);
paddingBottom = this.getPaddingBottom() + (yOffset / 2);
paddingLeft = this.getPaddingLeft() + (xOffset / 2);
paddingRight = this.getPaddingRight() + (xOffset / 2); int width = getWidth(); //this.getLayoutParams().width;
int height = getHeight(); //this.getLayoutParams().height; rectBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft,
paddingTop,
width - paddingRight,
height - paddingBottom); circleBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft + barWidth,
paddingTop + barWidth,
width - paddingRight - barWidth,
height - paddingBottom - barWidth);
circleInnerContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f));
circleOuterContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f)); fullRadius = (width - paddingRight - barWidth) / 2;
circleRadius = (fullRadius - barWidth) + 1;
} /**
* 从XML中解析控件的属性
*
* @param a the attributes to parse
*/
private void parseAttributes(TypedArray a) {
barWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barWidth,
barWidth); rimWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimWidth,
rimWidth); spinSpeed = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_spinSpeed,
spinSpeed); delayMillis = a.getInteger(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_delayMillis,
delayMillis);
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
} barColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barColor, barColor); barLength = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barLength,
barLength); textSize = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textSize,
textSize); textColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textColor,
textColor); //如果text是空的,就无视它
if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text)) {
setText(a.getString(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text));
} rimColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimColor,
rimColor); circleColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_circleColor,
circleColor); contourColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourColor, contourColor);
contourSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourSize, contourSize); // 使用TypedArray获得控件属性时必须要注意:使用结束后必须回收TypedArray的对象
a.recycle();
} //----------------------------------
//动画
//---------------------------------- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
//绘制内圆
canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, circlePaint);
//绘制边界
canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, rimPaint);
canvas.drawArc(circleOuterContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint);
canvas.drawArc(circleInnerContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint);
//绘制条纹
if (isSpinning) {
canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, progress - 90, barLength, false,
barPaint);
} else {
canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, -90, progress, false, barPaint);
}
//绘制我们想要设置的文字 (并让它显示在圆水平和垂直方向的中心处)
float textHeight = textPaint.descent() - textPaint.ascent();
float verticalTextOffset = (textHeight / 2) - textPaint.descent(); for (String s : splitText) {
float horizontalTextOffset = textPaint.measureText(s) / 2;
canvas.drawText(s, this.getWidth() / 2 - horizontalTextOffset,
this.getHeight() / 2 + verticalTextOffset, textPaint);
}
if (isSpinning) {
scheduleRedraw();
}
} private void scheduleRedraw() {
progress += spinSpeed;
if (progress > 360) {
progress = 0;
}
postInvalidateDelayed(delayMillis);
} /**
* 判断wheel是否在旋转
*/ public boolean isSpinning() {
if(isSpinning){
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
} /**
* 重设进度条的值
*/
public void resetCount() {
progress = 0;
setText("0%");
invalidate();
} /**
* 停止进度条的旋转
*/
public void stopSpinning() {
isSpinning = false;
progress = 0;
postInvalidate();
} /**
* 让进度条开启旋转模式
*/
public void spin() {
isSpinning = true;
postInvalidate();
} /**
* 让进度条每次增加1(最大值为360)
*/
public void incrementProgress() {
isSpinning = false;
progress++;
if (progress > 360)
progress = 0;
setText(Math.round(((float) progress / 360) * 100) + "%");
postInvalidate();
} /**
* 设置进度条为一个确切的数值
*/
public void setProgress(int i) {
isSpinning = false;
progress = i;
postInvalidate();
} //----------------------------------
//get和set方法
//---------------------------------- /**
* 设置progress bar的文字并不需要刷新View
*
* @param text the text to show ('\n' constitutes a new line)
*/
public void setText(String text) {
this.text = text;
splitText = this.text.split("\n");
} public int getCircleRadius() {
return circleRadius;
} public void setCircleRadius(int circleRadius) {
this.circleRadius = circleRadius;
} public int getBarLength() {
return barLength;
} public void setBarLength(int barLength) {
this.barLength = barLength;
} public int getBarWidth() {
return barWidth;
} public void setBarWidth(int barWidth) {
this.barWidth = barWidth; if ( this.barPaint != null ) {
this.barPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.barWidth );
}
} public int getTextSize() {
return textSize;
} public void setTextSize(int textSize) {
this.textSize = textSize; if ( this.textPaint != null ) {
this.textPaint.setTextSize( this.textSize );
}
} public int getPaddingTop() {
return paddingTop;
} public void setPaddingTop(int paddingTop) {
this.paddingTop = paddingTop;
} public int getPaddingBottom() {
return paddingBottom;
} public void setPaddingBottom(int paddingBottom) {
this.paddingBottom = paddingBottom;
} public int getPaddingLeft() {
return paddingLeft;
} public void setPaddingLeft(int paddingLeft) {
this.paddingLeft = paddingLeft;
} public int getPaddingRight() {
return paddingRight;
} public void setPaddingRight(int paddingRight) {
this.paddingRight = paddingRight;
} public int getBarColor() {
return barColor;
} public void setBarColor(int barColor) {
this.barColor = barColor; if ( this.barPaint != null ) {
this.barPaint.setColor( this.barColor );
}
} public int getCircleColor() {
return circleColor;
} public void setCircleColor(int circleColor) {
this.circleColor = circleColor; if ( this.circlePaint != null ) {
this.circlePaint.setColor( this.circleColor);
}
} public int getRimColor() {
return rimColor;
} public void setRimColor(int rimColor) {
this.rimColor = rimColor; if ( this.rimPaint != null ) {
this.rimPaint.setColor( this.rimColor );
}
} public Shader getRimShader() {
return rimPaint.getShader();
} public void setRimShader(Shader shader) {
this.rimPaint.setShader(shader);
} public int getTextColor() {
return textColor;
} public void setTextColor(int textColor) {
this.textColor = textColor; if ( this.textPaint != null ) {
this.textPaint.setColor( this.textColor );
}
} public int getSpinSpeed() {
return spinSpeed;
} public void setSpinSpeed(int spinSpeed) {
this.spinSpeed = spinSpeed;
} public int getRimWidth() {
return rimWidth;
} public void setRimWidth(int rimWidth) {
this.rimWidth = rimWidth; if ( this.rimPaint != null ) {
this.rimPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.rimWidth );
}
} public int getDelayMillis() {
return delayMillis;
} public void setDelayMillis(int delayMillis) {
this.delayMillis = delayMillis;
} public int getContourColor() {
return contourColor;
} public void setContourColor(int contourColor) {
this.contourColor = contourColor; if ( contourPaint != null ) {
this.contourPaint.setColor( this.contourColor );
}
} public float getContourSize() {
return this.contourSize;
} public void setContourSize(float contourSize) {
this.contourSize = contourSize; if ( contourPaint != null ) {
this.contourPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.contourSize );
}
}
}