DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

时间:2022-03-15 14:25:47

上篇提到:

关于spring +springmvc中两个spring应用上下文(DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener)的问题,挺让人迷糊的。

他们都是加载Bean。简单粗暴的理解就是spring的bean 用ContextLoaderListener加载,springmvc的用DispatcherServlet 加载。

《spring in action》一书中给了点解释,【我们希望DispatcherServlet 加载包含Web组件的bean,如控制器,视图解析器及处理映射,而ContextLoaderListener需要加载应用中的其他bean。这些bean通常是驱动应用后端的中间层和数据层组件】。

按道理说,反正都是bean的配置,所有的配置都 配置到一起也是可以的? 其实不然。

参看了网上几篇博客,解释的有的还算正常,有的就是可能是猜测的,当然也可能是spring版本不同导致的。

【Spring启动过程分析】(1)启动流程简介http://blog.csdn.net/moshenglv/article/details/53517343

DispatcherServlet与ContextLoaderListener的对比http://blog.csdn.net/sadfishsc/article/details/51027873

SpringMVC DispatcherServlet 初始化过程http://blog.csdn.net/sadfishsc/article/details/51027809

SpringWeb ContextLoaderListener 初始化过程http://blog.csdn.net/sadfishsc/article/details/51027840

Servlet 3 + Spring MVC零配置:去除所有xmlhttp://blog.csdn.net/xiao__gui/article/details/46803193

如果想真正深入了解,估计得看源码了。

个人觉得,还是分开好。否则可能引起不必要的错误。 那如果两个都配置了,都加载了所有的bean呢,会不会有bean重复加载的问题?

个人亲自写代码实验了一下,

1. 配置web.xml方式 启动

为方便 ,先把普通的bean配置(service层,domain层 ,dao层,数据库等)成为application.xml, springmvc相关的bean配置(controller层,视图解析器等),称为springmvc.xml,

springmvc.xml中配置是:

  <mvc:annotation-driven />
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/pages/" mapping="/pages/**"/>
<!-- 扫描controller(controller层注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zj.controller"/>
<!-- 对模型视图添加前后缀 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/pages/" p:suffix=".jsp"/>

如果正常配置,应该是:

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
<!-- springMVC核心配置 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
   
    <!-- 拦截设置 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

UserServiceImpl-------------------------------  和 UserController==================== 是我写在构造函数中的System.out.println 输出的。

如果配置成这样呢:把正常的springmvc.xml 和 application.xml 放一起,让ContextLoaderListener 加载。DispatcherServlet 加载一个空的springmvc配置springmvc-empty.xml,

 <context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc/springmvc-empty.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

结果发现,还是可以正常加载controller的bean以及 视图解析等,只是controller Bean加载的顺序变提前了。。不过 应用访问 和正常情况没啥两样。

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

所以,不像网上有些人说的controller 、视图解析器 一定要DispatcherServlet加载。 不过拦截器等东西,我没试验。

================

如果 下面这样配置呢:

    <!-- 读取spring配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</context-param> <servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

可以发现 controller的bean确实加载了两遍。

不过web应用可以正常使用。

同理,如果把application.xml 也在DispatcherServlet里在配置一遍,那service等bean也是加载两遍。

===========

结论:配置web.xml 方式启动,最好还是最好把application.xml 配置 和 springmvc.xml 配置分开,分别用ContextLoadListener加载  和 DispatcherServlet加载。

2. spring +servlet3.0 无web.xml方式启动

我用的是继承WebApplicationInitializer ,通过OnStartup 启动的方式。

我用的Tomact 7.0环境,发现如果web.xml 中存在Servlet的那些配置,就不会按照WebApplicationInitializer 启动,除非web.xml 中不要Servlet的那些配置,几乎一个空的web.xml。

这个没有深究,估计和 Servlet3.0启动方式 顺序有关吧。

第一种写法:

public class MyWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
// servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml");
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet()); registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
//registration.addMapping("/");
registration.addMapping(new String[]{"*.html"});
registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( )); }
}

运行结果:

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

结果:可以正常访问。 不过 第一次访问的时候,会再出现 一次UserController Bean的初始化。

代码改一下, servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");

改成  servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml");

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

结果:可以正常访问。 UserController的bean 第一次访问的时候才 生成,有点懒加载的意思。

=========

如果  servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");

把 //registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");   注释掉。

会出现什么情况呢。

DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener,还有spring+servlet3.0 无web.xml启动问题

结果:可以正常启动。 但是 不能正常访问。 DispatcherServlet 会找默认的  配置。 找不到 ,就发飙了。

第二种写法:

public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
// servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
// servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener());
// AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
XmlWebApplicationContext rootContext = new XmlWebApplicationContext();
List<String> locationList = new ArrayList<String>();
locationList.add("classpath:application.xml");
//locationList.add("classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
rootContext.setConfigLocations((String[])locationList.toArray(new String[locationList.size()]));
// ContextLoader contextLoader = new ContextLoader(rootContext);
// contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( rootContext)); //AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext webContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
// webContext.register(WebConfig.class);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet()); registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
//registration.addMapping("/");
registration.addMapping(new String[]{"*.html"});
registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
//servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( )); }

结果:

信息: Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: [com.zj.controller.MyWebAppInitializer@5794495e]
startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
四月 13, 2017 1:38:20 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
UserServiceImpl------------------------调用初始化方法....
四月 13, 2017 1:38:21 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
四月 13, 2017 1:38:21 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
四月 13, 2017 1:38:21 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 4462 ms
四月 13, 2017 1:38:31 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcher'
UserController=====================
3333333333333333333333333333

结果发现: 可以正常访问,第一次访问加载UserController bean

如果 : ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet());  
         改成 ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(rootContext));

结果:可以正常启动,但是无法正常访问。提示 The requested resource () is not available.,不知道咋回事儿。

=============

如果代码改成这样:

public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
// servletContext.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:application.xml,classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
// servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener());
// AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
XmlWebApplicationContext rootContext = new XmlWebApplicationContext();
List<String> locationList = new ArrayList<String>();
locationList.add("classpath:application.xml");
locationList.add("classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
rootContext.setConfigLocations((String[])locationList.toArray(new String[locationList.size()]));
// ContextLoader contextLoader = new ContextLoader(rootContext);
// contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( rootContext)); //AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext webContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
// webContext.register(WebConfig.class);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(rootContext)); registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
//registration.addMapping("/");
registration.addMapping(new String[]{"*.html"});
//registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
//servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( )); }

结果:正常启动,可以正常访问。controller bean提前加载。

信息: Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: [com.zj.controller.MyWebAppInitializer@6710bb13]
startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
四月 13, 2017 1:48:46 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
UserServiceImpl------------------------调用初始化方法....
UserController=====================
四月 13, 2017 1:48:47 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
四月 13, 2017 1:48:47 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
四月 13, 2017 1:48:47 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 4797 ms
四月 13, 2017 1:49:02 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcher'
3333333333333333333333333333
//代码也可以改成这样,自己写 ContextLoader  加载bean
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
XmlWebApplicationContext rootContext = new XmlWebApplicationContext();
List<String> locationList = new ArrayList<String>();
locationList.add("classpath:application.xml");
locationList.add("classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
rootContext.setConfigLocations((String[])locationList.toArray(new String[locationList.size()]));
ContextLoader contextLoader = new ContextLoader(rootContext);
contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
//servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( rootContext));
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(rootContext)); registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
//registration.addMapping("/");
registration.addMapping(new String[]{"*.html"});
//registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
//servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( )); }

=============

或者采用注解方式。这里只给mvc配置采用了注解。

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.zj.controller")
public class WebConfig { @Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver internalResourceViewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
return viewResolver;
} public void configureDefaultServletHandling(final DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
}
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"); XmlWebApplicationContext rootContext = new XmlWebApplicationContext();
List<String> locationList = new ArrayList<String>();
locationList.add("classpath:application.xml");
//locationList.add("classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
rootContext.setConfigLocations((String[])locationList.toArray(new String[locationList.size()]));
ContextLoader contextLoader = new ContextLoader(rootContext);
contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(servletContext); AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext webContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
webContext.register(WebConfig.class);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(webContext)); registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
//registration.addMapping("/");
registration.addMapping(new String[]{"*.html"});
//registration.setInitParameter("contextConfigLocation", "classpath:springmvc/springmvc.xml");
//servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener( )); }

结果: 正常启动,正常访问。controller bean 延迟加载。

信息: Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: [com.zj.controller.MyWebAppInitializer@5a278fe0]
startUP=++++=+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.springframework.web.context.support.StandardServletEnvironment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
四月 13, 2017 1:58:09 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
UserServiceImpl------------------------调用初始化方法....
四月 13, 2017 1:58:09 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
四月 13, 2017 1:58:09 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolHandler start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
四月 13, 2017 1:58:09 下午 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 4644 ms
四月 13, 2017 1:58:18 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcher'
UserController=====================
3333333333333333333333333333

综上: springmvc配置 和 普通的bean的配置 分开加载,可以延迟加载controller 的Bean。

不过我感觉很奇怪,<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>应该是启动时候立即加载。 0 及0 以上应该是容器启动时候加载,负数为懒加载,

在web.xml起作用,但是在代码方式registration.setLoadOnStartup(1) 为啥还是第一次访问才加载呢? 是我版本问题,还是代码问题呢?