前面几篇已经介绍了Docker基础环境的部署,下面介绍下通过ssh方式登陆Docker容器的操作记录(其实不太建议直接用ssh去连接上容器的想法,虽然可以,但是有很多弊端,而且docker已经提供了容器内执行的命令,没有必要再折腾每一个容器为sshd服务器。具体参考:http://jpetazzo.github.io/2014/06/23/docker-ssh-considered-evil/)
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos7 7.3.1611 d5ebea14da54 2 weeks ago 311 MB <none> <none> d5c154b612c8 2 weeks ago 311 MB test latest ecefde07358f 11 weeks ago 599.6 MB learn/ping latest fea07d84b0df 4 months ago 196.7 MB docker.io/tomcat latest ebb17717bed4 4 months ago 355.4 MB docker.io/centos latest 980e0e4c79ec 6 months ago 196.7 MB nginx 1.9 c8c29d842c09 9 months ago 182.7 MB docker.io/redis 2.8.19 dd9fe7db5236 22 months ago 110.7 MB [root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /bin/bash [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# yum install wget vim [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 安装ssh服务端 [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# yum cleal all [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# yum install passwd [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# yum install openssh-server 修改容器密码(提前yum -y reinstall cracklib-dicts) [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root 产生公私钥 [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路回车 [root@a3c8baf6961e /]# cd ~/.ssh/ [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ls authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub 执行sshd命令,有报错: [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key 解决办法: [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key //均是一路回车 [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key 再次执行sshd命令,如果没有报错,说明可以启动了 [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# /usr/sbin/sshd [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# -----------------------启动ssh,如果报错如下(这是centos7下的一个bug)------------------------- [root@a3c8baf6961e .ssh]# systemctl restart sshd.service Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted 这个报错在之前的文档里就已经提到过了 解决办法如下: 先把上面的容器关闭(docker stop container-id),然后重新启动容器,启动时加上参数--privileged(特权参数,也可以是--privileged=true,如果启动容器中挂载目录没有权限也可以添加此参数)和/sbin/init(代替/bin/bash),如下: [root@localhost ~]# docker run --privileged -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /sbin/init 上面的容器启动后,会一直在卡着的状态中,先不用管,打开另一个终端窗口,查看容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES af40bd07fa0f centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" 28 seconds ago Up 28 seconds nauseous_shirley 然后按照容器的ID进去,这个时候再根据/bin/bash进入容器(前面加exec -it参数),接着重启ssh服务就ok了 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it af40bd07fa0f /bin/bash [root@af40bd07fa0f /]# systemctl restart sshd.service [root@af40bd07fa0f /]# echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root //注意这里由于上述特殊情况重新启动了容器,之前创建的root密码无效了(这就相当于重新另起了一个容器),需要重新修改下root密码!!可以随便创建个用户,然后切换到root,测试下之前创建的root密码是否还有效! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 查看ssh端口,发现22端口已经开启 [root@af40bd07fa0f /]# ss -a|grep ssh tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::* [root@af40bd07fa0f /]# ss -ln|grep 22 u_dgr UNCONN 0 0 * 26884224 * 26885412 tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
然后docker ps查看下容器,提交更改为新镜像,运行新的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES af40bd07fa0f centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes nauseous_shirley 记住这个容器ID,然后关闭 [root@localhost ~]# docker stop af40bd07fa0f af40bd07fa0f 接着提交改为新的镜像,使用上一步的容器ID,提交名为wangssh的镜像(提交成功后,之前创建的容器可以选择删除(docker ps -a 查看);当然不删除也不影响。建议不要删除,可以再次启用提交新的镜像以便他用。) [root@localhost ~]# docker commit af40bd07fa0f wangssh sha256:ca5e393b7605949e58c1067c1bc73d99d52f47107756f0ade1725ca04886fd71 [root@localhost ~]# 提交成功后,使用docker images可以查看到 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE wangssh latest ca5e393b7605 57 seconds ago 327.1 MB centos7 7.3.1611 d5ebea14da54 2 weeks ago 311 MB 然后运行新的镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167 docker: Error response from daemon: Cannot start container b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167: [9] System error: SELinux policy denies access.. 如上出现上面的报错,这是由于selinux造成的!需要关闭selinux,如下: [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# getenforce Permissive 然后再次运行新的镜像,就成功了! [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D 0a7c1406361ef52dcc5c32801e4c7c231078594cd7010375ea33fe3024cc9126 [root@localhost ~]# 上面运行命令中的参数解释: -d 后台运行容器 -p 容器端口映射到主机[可选] 使用docker ps查看运行的容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0a7c1406361e wangssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:220->22/tcp focused_hawking 此时你可以直接连接容器,也可以通过端口映射连接容器(使用之前创建的容器密码123456登陆) [root@localhost ~]# ssh -p220 root@localhost root@localhost's password: [root@0a7c1406361e ~]#
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如果要想做ssh无密码登陆的信任关系,只需要将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里的~/.ssh/authorized_keys即可
接着上面ID为aea267757cc9的容器登陆后的操作: [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it aea267757cc9 /bin/bash [root@aea267757cc9 /]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //一路回车 将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里 [root@localhost ~]# docker cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub aea267757cc9:/root/.ssh/ 然后到容器里将id_rsa.pub拷贝为authorized_keys [root@aea267757cc9 /]# cd ~ [root@aea267757cc9 ~]# cd .ssh/ [root@aea267757cc9 .ssh]# cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys 接着提交为新镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES aea267757cc9 centos7:7.3.1611 "/sbin/init" About an hour ago Up 38 minutes admiring_hodgkin fc726a6a27d2 centos "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up 3 months 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp web1 9d99c7b9451b centos "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up 3 months 0.0.0.0:32769->8080/tcp web3 [root@localhost ~]# docker stop aea267757cc9 aea267757cc9 [root@localhost ~]# docker commit aea267757cc9 hahassh sha256:906bf1bd2a156b1222def7d3d21fbc2cd7e963fc923f5a6da92e6b45954688d9 [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 220:22 hahassh /usr/sbin/sshd -D 8b9c153463c73122cfd787a27190a8665f54fe77fa51601d521baab5a9234f2e 最后尝试ssh方式连接容器,发现可以无密码登陆了~ [root@localhost ~]# ssh -p220 root@localhost Last login: Mon Mar 13 10:03:54 2017
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当登陆到容器后,可以查看下容器ip
第一种方式: [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b220fabf815a wangssh "/usr/sbin/sshd -D" 6 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:20020->22/tcp gigantic_goldwasser fc726a6a27d2 980e0e4c79ec "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp web1 9d99c7b9451b 980e0e4c79ec "/bin/bash" 3 months ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:32769->8080/tcp web3 [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect b220fabf815a |grep IPAddress "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", 第二种方式: [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' b220fabf815a 172.17.0.2 第三种方式: 登陆到容器里使用“yum install net-tools”,安装后就可以使用ifconfig命令查看ip了 当知道了容器的ip后,就可以使用ssh直接连接容器的22端口即可! [root@localhost ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2 root@172.17.0.2's password: Last login: Tue Mar 14 09:11:27 2017 from 172.17.0.1 [root@b220fabf815a ~]#