INTRODUCTION
------------
Number one of the biggest security holes are passwords, as every password
security study shows.
This tool is a proof of concept code, to give researchers and security
consultants the possiblity to show how easy it would be to gain unauthorized
access from remote to a system.
THIS TOOL IS FOR LEGAL PURPOSES ONLY!
There are already several login hacker tools available, however none does
either support more than one protocol to attack or support parallized
connects.
It was tested to compile cleanly on Linux, Windows/Cygwin, Solaris,
FreeBSD/OpenBSD, QNX (Blackberry 10) and OSX.
Currently this tool supports the following protocols:
Asterisk, AFP, Cisco AAA, Cisco auth, Cisco enable, CVS, Firebird, FTP,
HTTP-FORM-GET, HTTP-FORM-POST, HTTP-GET, HTTP-HEAD, HTTP-PROXY, HTTPS-FORM-GET,
HTTPS-FORM-POST, HTTPS-GET, HTTPS-HEAD, HTTP-Proxy, ICQ, IMAP, IRC, LDAP,
MS-SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, Oracle Listener, Oracle SID, Oracle, PC-Anywhere,
PCNFS, POP3, POSTGRES, RDP, Rexec, Rlogin, Rsh, SAP/R3, SIP, SMB, SMTP,
SMTP Enum, SNMP v1+v2+v3, SOCKS5, SSH (v1 and v2), SSHKEY, Subversion,
Teamspeak (TS2), Telnet, VMware-Auth, VNC and XMPP.
However the module engine for new services is very easy so it won't take a
long time until even more services are supported.
Your help in writing, enhancing or fixing modules is highly appreciated!! :-)
WHERE TO GET
------------
You can always find the newest release/production version of hydra at its
project page at https://www.thc.org/thc-hydra
If you are interested in the current development state, the public development
repository is at Github:
svn co https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra
or
git clone https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra.git
Use the development version at your own risk. It contains new features and
new bugs. Things might not work!
HOW TO COMPILE
--------------
To configure, compile and install hydra, just type:
./configure
make
make install
If you want the ssh module, you have to setup libssh (not libssh2!) on your
system, get it from http://www.libssh.org, for ssh v1 support you also need
to add "-DWITH_SSH1=On" option in the cmake command line.
If you use Ubuntu/Debian, this will install supplementary libraries needed
for a few optional modules:
apt-get install libssl-dev libssh-dev libidn11-dev libpcre3-dev \
libgtk2.0-dev libmysqlclient-dev libpq-dev libsvn-dev \
firebird2.1-dev libncp-dev
This enables all optional modules and features with the exception of Oracle,
SAP R/3 and the apple filing protocol - which you will need to download and
install from the vendor's web sites.
For all other Linux derivates and BSD based systems, use the system
software installer and look for similar named libraries like in the
comand above. In all other cases you have to download all source libraries
and compile them manually.
SUPPORTED PLATFORMS
-------------------
All UNIX platforms (linux, *bsd, solaris, etc.)
Mac OS/X
Windows with Cygwin (both IPv4 and IPv6)
Mobile systems based on Linux, Mac OS/X or QNX (e.g. Android, iPhone, Blackberry 10, Zaurus, iPaq)
HOW TO USE
----------
If you just enter "hydra", you will see a short summary of the important
options available.
Type "./hydra -h" to see all available command line options.
Note that NO login/password file is included. Generate them yourself.
A default password list is hoever present, use "dpl4hydra.sh" to generate
a list.
For Linux users, a GTK gui is available, try "./xhydra"
For the command line usage, the syntax is as follows:
For attacking one target or a network, you can use the new "://" style:
hydra [some command line options] PROTOCOL://TARGET:PORT/OPTIONS
The old mode can be used for these too, and additionally if you want to
specify your targets from a text file, you *must* use this one:
hydra [some command line options] [-s port] TARGET PROTOCOL OPTIONS
Via the command line options you specify which logins to try, which passwords,
if SSL should be used, how many parallel tasks to use for attacking, etc.
PROTOCOL is the protocol you want to use for attacking, e.g. ftp, smtp,
http-get or many others are available
TARGET is the target you want to attack
OPTIONS are optional values which are special per PROTOCOL module
FIRST - select your target
you have three options on how to specify the target you want to attack:
1. a single target on the command line: just put the IP or DNS address in
2. a network range on the command line: CIDR specification like "192.168.0.0/24"
3. a list of hosts in a text file: one line per entry (see below)
SECOND - select your protocol
Try to avoid telnet, as it is unreliable to detect a correct or false login attempt.
Use a port scanner to see which protocols are enabled on the target.
THIRD - check if the module has optional parameters
hydra -U PROTOCOL
e.g. hydra -U smtp
FOURTH - the destination port
this is optional! if no port is supplied the default common port for the
PROTOCOL is used.
If you specify SSL to use ("-S" option), the SSL common port is used by default.
If you use "://" notation, you must use "[" "]" brackets if you want to supply
IPv6 addresses or CIDR ("192.168.0.0/24") notations to attack:
hydra [some command line options] ftp://[192.168.0.0/24]/
hydra [some command line options] -6 smtp://[2001:db8::1]/NTLM
Note that everything hydra does is IPv4 only!
If you want to attack IPv6 addresses, you must add the "-6" command line option.
All attacks are then IPv6 only!
If you want to supply your targets via a text file, you can not use the ://
notation but use the old style and just supply the protocol (and module options):
hydra [some command line options] -M targets.txt ftp
You can supply also port for each target entry by adding ":<port>" after a
target entry in the file, e.g.:
foo.bar.com
target.com:21
unusual.port.com:2121
default.used.here.com
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1:2121
LOGINS AND PASSWORDS
--------------------
You have many options on how to attack with logins and passwords
With -l for login and -p for password you tell hydra that this is the only
login and/or password to try.
With -L for logins and -P for passwords you supply text files with entries.
e.g.:
hydra -l admin -p password ftp://localhost/
hydra -L default_logins.txt -p test ftp://localhost/
hydra -l admin -P common_passwords.txt ftp://localhost/
hydra -L logins.txt -P passwords.txt ftp://localhost/
Additionally, you can try passwords based on the login via the "-e" option.
The "-e" option has three parameters:
s - try the login as password
n - try an empty password
r - reverse the login and try it as password
If you want to, e.g. try "try login as password and "empty password", you
specify "-e sn" on the command line.
But there are two more modes for trying passwords than -p/-P:
You can use text file which where a login and password pair is seperated by a colon,
e.g.:
admin:password
test:test
foo:bar
This is a common default account style listing, that is also generated by the
dpl4hydra.sh default account file generator supplied with hydra.
You use such a text file with the -C option - note that in this mode you
can not use -l/-L/-p/-P options (-e nsr however you can).
Example:
hydra -C default_accounts.txt ftp://localhost/
And finally, there is a bruteforce mode with the -x option (which you can not
use with -p/-P/-C):
-x minimum_length:maximum_length:charset
the charset definition is 'a' for lowercase letters, 'A' for uppercase letters,
'1' for numbers and for anything else you supply it is their real representation.
Examples:
-x 1:3:a generate passwords from length 1 to 3 with all lowercase letters
-x 2:5:/ generate passwords from length 2 to 5 containing only slashes
-x 5:8:A1 generate passwords from length 5 to 8 with uppercase and numbers
Example:
hydra -l ftp -x 3:3:a ftp://localhost/
SPECIAL OPTIONS FOR MODULES
---------------------------
Via the third command line parameter (TARGET SERVICE OPTIONAL) or the -m
commandline option, you can pass one option to a module.
Many modules use this, a few require it!
To see the special option of a module, type:
hydra -U <module>
e.g.
./hydra -U http-post-form
The special options can be passed via the -m parameter, as 3rd command line
option or in the service://target/option format.
Examples (they are all equal):
./hydra -l test -p test -m PLAIN 127.0.0.1 imap
./hydra -l test -p test 127.0.0.1 imap PLAIN
./hydra -l test -p test imap://127.0.0.1/PLAIN
RESTORING AN ABORTED/CRASHED SESSION
------------------------------------
When hydra is aborted with Control-C, killed or crashs, it leavs a
"hydra.restore" file behind which contains all necessary information to
restore the session. This session file is written every 5 minutes.
NOTE: the hydra.restore file can NOT be copied to a different platform (e.g.
from little indian to big indian, or from solaris to aix)
HOW TO SCAN/CRACK OVER A PROXY
------------------------------
The environment variable HYDRA_PROXY_HTTP defines the web proxy (this works
just for the http/www service!).
The following syntax is valid:
HYDRA_PROXY_HTTP="http://123.45.67.89:8080/"
For all other services, use the HYDRA_PROXY variable to scan/crack
via by default a web proxy's CONNECT call. It uses the same syntax. eg:
HYDRA_PROXY=[http|socks4|socks5]://proxy_addr:proxy_port
for example:
HYDRA_PROXY=http://proxy.anonymizer.com:8000
If you require authentication for the proxy, use the HYDRA_PROXY_AUTH
environment variable:
HYDRA_PROXY_AUTH="the_login:the_password"
ADDITIONAL HINTS
----------------
* sort your password files by likelihood and use the -u option to find
passwords much faster!
* uniq your dictionary files! this can save you a lot of time :-)
cat words.txt | sort | uniq > dictionary.txt
* if you know that the target is using a password policy (allowing users
only to choose password with a minimum length of 6, containing a least one
letter and one number, etc. use the tool pw-inspector which comes along
with the hydra package to reduce the password list:
cat dictionary.txt | pw-inspector -m 6 -c 2 -n > passlist.txt
SPEED
-----
through the parallizing feature, this password cracker tool can be very
fast, however it depends on the protocol. The fastest are generally POP3
and FTP.
Experiment with the task option (-t) to speed things up! The higher - the
faster ;-) (but too high - and it disables the service)
STATISTICS
----------
Run against a SuSE Linux 7.2 on localhost with a "-C FILE" containing
295 entries (294 tries invalid logins, 1 valid). Every test was run three
times (only for "1 task" just once), and the average noted down.
P A R A L L E L T A S K S
SERVICE 1 4 8 16 32 50 64 100 128
------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
telnet 23:20 5:58 2:58 1:34 1:05 0:33 0:45* 0:25* 0:55*
ftp 45:54 11:51 5:54 3:06 1:25 0:58 0:46 0:29 0:32
pop3 92:10 27:16 13:56 6:42 2:55 1:57 1:24 1:14 0:50
imap 31:05 7:41 3:51 1:58 1:01 0:39 0:32 0:25 0:21
(*)
Note: telnet timings can be VERY different for 64 to 128 tasks! e.g. with
128 tasks, running four times resulted in timings between 28 and 97 seconds!
The reason for this is unknown...
guesses per task (rounded up):
295 74 38 19 10 6 5 3 3
guesses possible per connect (depends on the server software and config):
telnet 4
ftp 6
pop3 1
imap 3
BUGS & FEATURES
---------------
Hydra:
Email me or David if you find bugs or if you have written a new module.
vh@thc.org (and put "antispam" in the subject line)
David (dot) Maciejak @ gmail (dot) com
You should use PGP to encrypt emails to vh@thc.org :
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