之前已详细介绍了Ceph分布式存储基础知识，下面简单记录下Centos7使用Ceph-deploy快速部署Ceph环境：
1）基本环境
192.168.10.220 ceph-admin（ceph-deploy） mds1、mon1（也可以将monit节点另放一台机器） 192.168.10.239 ceph-node1 osd1 192.168.10.212 ceph-node2 osd2 192.168.10.213 ceph-node3 osd3 ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点修改修改主机名 # hostnamectl set-hostname ceph-admin # hostnamectl set-hostname ceph-node1 # hostnamectl set-hostname ceph-node2 # hostnamectl set-hostname ceph-node3 ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点修改配置文件 # cat /etc/hosts 192.168.10.220 ceph-admin 192.168.10.239 ceph-node1 192.168.10.212 ceph-node2 192.168.10.213 ceph-node3 ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点确认连通性 # ping -c 3 ceph-admin # ping -c 3 ceph-node1 # ping -c 3 ceph-node2 # ping -c 3 ceph-node3 ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点关闭防火墙和selinux # systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld # sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config # setenforce 0 ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点安装和配置NTP（官方推荐的是集群的所有节点全部安装并配置 NTP，需要保证各节点的系统时间一致。没有自己部署ntp服务器，就在线同步NTP） # yum install ntp ntpdate ntp-doc -y # systemctl restart ntpd # systemctl status ntpd ------------------------------------------------- 每个节点准备yum源 删除默认的源，国外的比较慢 # yum clean all # mkdir /mnt/bak # mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /mnt/bak/ 下载阿里云的base源和epel源 # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo 添加ceph源 # vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo [ceph] name=ceph baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 priority =1 [ceph-noarch] name=cephnoarch baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/noarch/ gpgcheck=0 priority =1 [ceph-source] name=Ceph source packages baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-jewel/el7/SRPMS gpgcheck=0 priority=1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 每个节点创建cephuser用户，设置sudo权限 # useradd -d /home/cephuser -m cephuser # echo "cephuser"|passwd --stdin cephuser # echo "cephuser ALL = (root) NOPASSWD:ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/cephuser # chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/cephuser # sed -i s'/Defaults requiretty/#Defaults requiretty'/g /etc/sudoers 测试cephuser的sudo权限 # su - cephuser $ sudo su - # ------------------------------------------------------------ 配置相互间的ssh信任关系 现在ceph-admin节点上产生公私钥文件，然后将ceph-admin节点的.ssh目录拷贝给其他节点 [root@ceph-admin ~]# su - cephuser [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa #一路回车 [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ cd .ssh/ [cephuser@ceph-admin .ssh]$ ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub [cephuser@ceph-admin .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys [cephuser@ceph-admin .ssh]$ scp -r /home/cephuser/.ssh ceph-node1:/home/cephuser/ [cephuser@ceph-admin .ssh]$ scp -r /home/cephuser/.ssh ceph-node2:/home/cephuser/ [cephuser@ceph-admin .ssh]$ scp -r /home/cephuser/.ssh ceph-node3:/home/cephuser/ 然后在各节点直接验证cephuser用户下的ssh相互信任关系 $ ssh -p22 cephuser@ceph-admin $ ssh -p22 cephuser@ceph-node1 $ ssh -p22 cephuser@ceph-node2 $ ssh -p22 cephuser@ceph-node3
2）准备磁盘（ceph-node1、ceph-node2、ceph-node3三个节点）
测试时使用的磁盘不要太小，否则后面添加磁盘时会报错，建议磁盘大小为20G及以上。 三个节点均是在WebvirtMgr上创建的虚拟机，参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8387999.html 文档中创建并挂载虚拟机磁盘。 如下分别在三个节点挂载了一块20G的裸盘 检查磁盘 $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/vdb Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 格式化磁盘 $ sudo parted -s /dev/vdb mklabel gpt mkpart primary xfs 0% 100% $ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb -f 查看磁盘格式（xfs格式） $ sudo blkid -o value -s TYPE /dev/vdb
3）部署阶段（ceph-admin节点上使用ceph-deploy快速部署）
[root@ceph-admin ~]# su - cephuser
安装ceph-deploy
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install ceph-deploy -y
创建cluster目录
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ mkdir cluster
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ cd cluster/
创建集群（后面填写monit节点的主机名，这里monit节点和管理节点是同一台机器，即ceph-admin）
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy new ceph-admin
.........
[ceph-admin][DEBUG ] IP addresses found: [u'192.168.10.220']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Resolving host ceph-admin
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor ceph-admin at 192.168.10.220
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor initial members are ['ceph-admin']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Monitor addrs are ['192.168.10.220']
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Creating a random mon key...
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Writing monitor keyring to ceph.mon.keyring...
[ceph_deploy.new][DEBUG ] Writing initial config to ceph.conf...
修改ceph.conf文件（注意：mon_host必须和public network 网络是同网段内！）
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ vim ceph.conf #添加下面两行配置内容
......
public network = 192.168.10.220/24
osd pool default size = 3
安装ceph（过程有点长，需要等待一段时间....）
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy install ceph-admin ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
初始化monit监控节点，并收集所有密钥
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy mon create-initial
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy gatherkeys ceph-admin
添加OSD到集群
检查OSD节点上所有可用的磁盘
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy disk list ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
使用zap选项删除所有osd节点上的分区
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy disk zap ceph-node1:/dev/vdb ceph-node2:/dev/vdb ceph-node3:/dev/vdb
准备OSD（使用prepare命令）
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy osd prepare ceph-node1:/dev/vdb ceph-node2:/dev/vdb ceph-node3:/dev/vdb
激活OSD（注意由于ceph对磁盘进行了分区，/dev/vdb磁盘分区为/dev/vdb1）
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy osd activate ceph-node1:/dev/vdb1 ceph-node2:/dev/vdb1 ceph-node3:/dev/vdb1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
可能出现下面的报错：
[ceph-node1][WARNIN] ceph_disk.main.Error: Error: /dev/vdb1 is not a directory or block device
[ceph-node1][ERROR ] RuntimeError: command returned non-zero exit status: 1
[ceph_deploy][ERROR ] RuntimeError: Failed to execute command: /usr/sbin/ceph-disk -v activate --mark-init systemd --mount /dev/vdb1
但是这个报错没有影响ceph的部署，在三个osd节点上通过命令已显示磁盘已成功mount：
[cephuser@ceph-node1 ~]$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 70G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 69G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 43.8G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 21.4G 0 lvm /home
vdb 252:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─vdb1 252:17 0 15G 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0 #挂载成功
└─vdb2 252:18 0 5G 0 part
[cephuser@ceph-node2 ~]$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 70G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 69G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 43.8G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 21.4G 0 lvm /home
vdb 252:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─vdb1 252:17 0 15G 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1 #挂载成功
└─vdb2 252:18 0 5G 0 part
[cephuser@ceph-node3 ~]$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 70G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 69G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 43.8G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 21.4G 0 lvm /home
vdb 252:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─vdb1 252:17 0 15G 0 part /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-2 #挂载成功
└─vdb2 252:18 0 5G 0 part
查看OSD
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy disk list ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
........
[ceph-node1][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb2 ceph journal, for /dev/vdb1 #如下显示这两个分区，则表示成功了
[ceph-node1][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb1 ceph data, active, cluster ceph, osd.0, journal /dev/vdb2
........
[ceph-node3][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb2 ceph journal, for /dev/vdb1
[ceph-node3][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb1 ceph data, active, cluster ceph, osd.1, journal /dev/vdb2
.......
[ceph-node3][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb2 ceph journal, for /dev/vdb1
[ceph-node3][DEBUG ] /dev/vdb1 ceph data, active, cluster ceph, osd.2, journal /dev/vdb2
用ceph-deploy把配置文件和admin密钥拷贝到管理节点和Ceph节点，这样你每次执行Ceph命令行时就无需指定monit节点地址
和ceph.client.admin.keyring了
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy admin ceph-admin ceph-node1 ceph-node2 ceph-node3
修改密钥权限
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
检查ceph状态
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ sudo ceph health
HEALTH_OK
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ sudo ceph -s
cluster 33bfa421-8a3b-40fa-9f14-791efca9eb96
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e1: 1 mons at {ceph-admin=192.168.10.220:6789/0}
election epoch 3, quorum 0 ceph-admin
osdmap e14: 3 osds: 3 up, 3 in
flags sortbitwise,require_jewel_osds
pgmap v29: 64 pgs, 1 pools, 0 bytes data, 0 objects
100 MB used, 45946 MB / 46046 MB avail
64 active+clean
查看ceph osd运行状态
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph osd stat
osdmap e19: 3 osds: 3 up, 3 in
flags sortbitwise,require_jewel_osds
查看osd的目录树
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph osd tree
ID WEIGHT TYPE NAME UP/DOWN REWEIGHT PRIMARY-AFFINITY
-1 0.04376 root default
-2 0.01459 host ceph-node1
0 0.01459 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
-3 0.01459 host ceph-node2
1 0.01459 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
-4 0.01459 host ceph-node3
2 0.01459 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
查看monit监控节点的服务情况
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ps -ef|grep cluster
ceph 28190 1 0 11:44 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-admin --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
分别查看下ceph-node1、ceph-node2、ceph-node3三个节点的osd服务情况，发现已经在启动中。
[cephuser@ceph-node1 ~]$ sudo ps -ef|grep ceph|grep "cluster"
ceph 28749 1 0 11:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -f --cluster ceph --id 0 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
cephuser 29197 29051 0 11:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto cluster
[cephuser@ceph-node2 ~]$ sudo ps -ef|grep ceph|grep "cluster"
ceph 28749 1 0 11:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -f --cluster ceph --id 0 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
cephuser 29197 29051 0 11:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto cluster
[cephuser@ceph-node3 ~]$ sudo ps -ef|grep ceph|grep "cluster"
ceph 28749 1 0 11:44 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -f --cluster ceph --id 0 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
cephuser 29197 29051 0 11:54 pts/2 00:00:00 grep --color=auto cluster
==========================清除ceph存储======================
清除安装包 [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph-deploy purge ceph1 ceph2 ceph3 清除配置信息 [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph-deploy purgedata ceph1 ceph2 ceph3 [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph-deploy forgetkeys 每个节点删除残留的配置文件 [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/osd/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mon/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mds/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mon/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/tmp/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /etc/ceph/* [cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ sudo rm -rf /var/run/ceph/*
4）创建文件系统
先查看管理节点状态，默认是没有管理节点的。
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ ceph mds stat
e1:
创建管理节点（ceph-admin作为管理节点）。
需要注意：如果不创建mds管理节点，client客户端将不能正常挂载到ceph集群！！
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ pwd
/home/cephuser
[cephuser@ceph-admin ~]$ cd cluster/
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-admin
再次查看管理节点状态，发现已经在启动中
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph mds stat
e2:, 1 up:standby
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ps -ef|grep cluster|grep ceph-mds
ceph 29093 1 0 12:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-mds -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-admin --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
创建pool，pool是ceph存储数据时的逻辑分区,它起到namespace的作用
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph osd lspools #先查看pool
0 rbd,
新创建的ceph集群只有rdb一个pool。这时需要创建一个新的pool
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph osd pool create cephfs_data 10 #后面的数字是PG的数量
pool 'cephfs_data' created
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph osd pool create cephfs_metadata 10 #创建pool的元数据
pool 'cephfs_metadata' created
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph fs new myceph cephfs_metadata cephfs_data
new fs with metadata pool 2 and data pool 1
再次查看pool状态
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph osd lspools
0 rbd,1 cephfs_data,2 cephfs_metadata,
检查mds管理节点状态
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ ceph mds stat
e5: 1/1/1 up {0=ceph-admin=up:active}
查看ceph集群状态
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ sudo ceph -s
cluster 33bfa421-8a3b-40fa-9f14-791efca9eb96
health HEALTH_OK
monmap e1: 1 mons at {ceph-admin=192.168.10.220:6789/0}
election epoch 3, quorum 0 ceph-admin
fsmap e5: 1/1/1 up {0=ceph-admin=up:active} #多了此行状态
osdmap e19: 3 osds: 3 up, 3 in
flags sortbitwise,require_jewel_osds
pgmap v48: 84 pgs, 3 pools, 2068 bytes data, 20 objects
101 MB used, 45945 MB / 46046 MB avail
84 active+clean
查看ceph集群端口
[cephuser@ceph-admin cluster]$ sudo lsof -i:6789
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
ceph-mon 28190 ceph 10u IPv4 70217 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:smc-https (LISTEN)
ceph-mon 28190 ceph 19u IPv4 70537 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:smc-https->ceph-node1:41308 (ESTABLISHED)
ceph-mon 28190 ceph 20u IPv4 70560 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:smc-https->ceph-node2:48516 (ESTABLISHED)
ceph-mon 28190 ceph 21u IPv4 70583 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:smc-https->ceph-node3:44948 (ESTABLISHED)
ceph-mon 28190 ceph 22u IPv4 72643 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:smc-https->ceph-admin:51474 (ESTABLISHED)
ceph-mds 29093 ceph 8u IPv4 72642 0t0 TCP ceph-admin:51474->ceph-admin:smc-https (ESTABLISHED)
5）client端挂载ceph存储（采用fuse方式）
安装ceph-fuse（这里的客户机是centos6系统）
[root@centos6-02 ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@centos6-02 ~]# yum install -y ceph-fuse
创建挂载目录
[root@centos6-02 ~]# mkdir /cephfs
复制配置文件
将ceph配置文件ceph.conf从管理节点copy到client节点（192.168.10.220为管理节点）
[root@centos6-02 ~]# rsync -e "ssh -p22" -avpgolr root@192.168.10.220:/etc/ceph/ceph.conf /etc/ceph/
或者
[root@centos6-02 ~]# rsync -e "ssh -p22" -avpgolr root@192.168.10.220:/home/cephuser/cluster/ceph.conf /etc/ceph/ #两个路径下的文件内容一样
复制密钥
将ceph的ceph.client.admin.keyring从管理节点copy到client节点
[root@centos6-02 ~]# rsync -e "ssh -p22" -avpgolr root@192.168.10.220:/etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring /etc/ceph/
或者
[root@centos6-02 ~]# rsync -e "ssh -p22" -avpgolr root@192.168.10.220:/home/cephuser/cluster/ceph.client.admin.keyring /etc/ceph/
查看ceph授权
[root@centos6-02 ~]# ceph auth list
installed auth entries:
mds.ceph-admin
key: AQAZZxdbH6uAOBAABttpSmPt6BXNtTJwZDpSJg==
caps: [mds] allow
caps: [mon] allow profile mds
caps: [osd] allow rwx
osd.0
key: AQCuWBdbV3TlBBAA4xsAE4QsFQ6vAp+7pIFEHA==
caps: [mon] allow profile osd
caps: [osd] allow *
osd.1
key: AQC6WBdbakBaMxAAsUllVWdttlLzEI5VNd/41w==
caps: [mon] allow profile osd
caps: [osd] allow *
osd.2
key: AQDJWBdbz6zNNhAATwzL2FqPKNY1IvQDmzyOSg==
caps: [mon] allow profile osd
caps: [osd] allow *
client.admin
key: AQCNWBdbf1QxAhAAkryP+OFy6wGnKR8lfYDkUA==
caps: [mds] allow *
caps: [mon] allow *
caps: [osd] allow *
client.bootstrap-mds
key: AQCNWBdbnjLILhAAT1hKtLEzkCrhDuTLjdCJig==
caps: [mon] allow profile bootstrap-mds
client.bootstrap-mgr
key: AQCOWBdbmxEANBAAiTMJeyEuSverXAyOrwodMQ==
caps: [mon] allow profile bootstrap-mgr
client.bootstrap-osd
key: AQCNWBdbiO1bERAARLZaYdY58KLMi4oyKmug4Q==
caps: [mon] allow profile bootstrap-osd
client.bootstrap-rgw
key: AQCNWBdboBLXIBAAVTsD2TPJhVSRY2E9G7eLzQ==
caps: [mon] allow profile bootstrap-rgw
将ceph集群存储挂载到客户机的/cephfs目录下
[root@centos6-02 ~]# ceph-fuse -m 192.168.10.220:6789 /cephfs
2018-06-06 14:28:54.149796 7f8d5c256760 -1 init, newargv = 0x4273580 newargc=11
ceph-fuse[16107]: starting ceph client
ceph-fuse[16107]: starting fuse
[root@centos6-02 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos602-lv_root
50G 3.5G 44G 8% /
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 477M 41M 412M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos602-lv_home
45G 52M 43G 1% /home
/dev/vdb1 20G 5.1G 15G 26% /data/osd1
ceph-fuse 45G 100M 45G 1% /cephfs
由上面可知，已经成功挂载了ceph存储，三个osd节点，每个节点有15G（在节点上通过"lsblk"命令可以查看ceph data分区大小）,一共45G！
取消ceph存储的挂载
[root@centos6-02 ~]# umount /cephfs
温馨提示：
当有一半以上的OSD节点挂掉后，远程客户端挂载的Ceph存储就会使用异常了，即暂停使用。比如本案例中有3个OSD节点，当其中一个OSD节点挂掉后（比如宕机），
客户端挂载的Ceph存储使用正常；但当有2个OSD节点挂掉后，客户端挂载的Ceph存储就不能正常使用了（表现为Ceph存储目录下的数据读写操作一直卡着状态），
当OSD节点恢复后，Ceph存储也会恢复正常使用。OSD节点宕机重新启动后，osd程序会自动起来（通过监控节点自动起来）