MySQL5.1地的确提供了好多有力的工具来帮助我们DBA进行数据库管理。
现在看一下这个压力测试工具mysqlslap.
关于他的选项手册上以及--help介绍的很详细。
我解释一下一些常用的选项。
这里要注意的几个选项：
--concurrency代表并发数量，多个可以用逗号隔开，当然你也可以用自己的分隔符隔开，这个时候要用到--delimiter开关。
--engines代表要测试的引擎，可以有多个，用分隔符隔开。
--iterations代表要运行这些测试多少次。
--auto-generate-sql 代表用系统自己生成的SQL脚本来测试。
--auto-generate-sql-load-type 代表要测试的是读还是写还是两者混合的（read,write,update,mixed）
--number-of-queries 代表总共要运行多少次查询。每个客户运行的查询数量可以用查询总数/并发数来计算。比如倒数第二个结果2=200/100。
--debug-info 代表要额外输出CPU以及内存的相关信息。
--number-int-cols 代表示例表中的INTEGER类型的属性有几个。
--number-char-cols 意思同上。
--create-schema 代表自己定义的模式（在MySQL中也就是库）。
--query 代表自己的SQL脚本。
--only-print 如果只想打印看看SQL语句是什么，可以用这个选项。
现在来看一些我测试的例子。
1、用自带的SQL脚本来测试。
MySQL版本为5.1.23[root@localhost ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-maria/my.cnf --concurrency=50,100,200 --iterations=1 --number-int-cols=4 --number-char-cols=35 --auto-generate-sql --auto-generate-sql-add-autoincrement --auto-generate-sql-load-type=mixed --engine=myisam,innodb --number-of-queries=200 --debug-info -uroot -p1 -S/tmp/mysql_3310.sock
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.063 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.063 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.063 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 4
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.070 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.070 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.070 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 2
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.092 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.092 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.092 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 200
Average number of queries per client: 1
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.115 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.115 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.115 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 4
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.134 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.134 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.134 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 2
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.192 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.192 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.192 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 200
Average number of queries per client: 1
User time 0.06, System time 0.15
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 5803, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 8173, Involuntary context switches 528
我来解释一下结果的含义。
拿每个引擎最后一个Benchmark示例。
对于INNODB引擎，200个客户端同时运行这些SQL语句平均要花0.192秒。相应的MYISAM为0.092秒。
2、用我们自己定义的SQL 脚本来测试。
这些数据在另外一个MySQL实例上。版本为5.0.45
先看一下这两个表的相关数据。
1）、总记录数。mysql> select table_rows as rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='t_girl' and table_name='article';
+--------+
| rows |
+--------+
| 296693 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select table_rows as rows from information_schema.tables where table_schema='t_girl' and table_name='category';
+------+
| rows |
+------+
| 113 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2）、总列数。mysql> select count(*) as column_total from information_schema.columns where table_schema = 't_girl' and table_name = 'article';
+--------------+
| column_total |
+--------------+
| 32 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select count(*) as column_total from information_schema.columns where table_schema = 't_girl' and table_name = 'category';
+--------------+
| column_total |
+--------------+
| 9 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3）、调用的存储过程DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `t_girl`.`sp_get_article`$$
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` PROCEDURE `sp_get_article`(IN f_category_id int,
IN f_page_size int, IN f_page_no int
)
BEGIN
set @stmt = 'select a.* from article as a inner join ';
set @stmt = concat(@stmt,'(select a.aid from article as a ');
if f_category_id != 0 then
set @stmt = concat(@stmt,' inner join (select cid from category where cid = ',f_category_id,' or parent_id = ',f_category_id,') as b on a.category_id = b.cid');
end if;
if f_page_size >0 && f_page_no > 0 then
set @stmt = concat(@stmt,' limit ',(f_page_no-1)*f_page_size,',',f_page_size);
end if;
set @stmt = concat(@stmt,') as b on (a.aid = b.aid)');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
deallocate prepare s1;
set @stmt = NULL;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
4）、我们用mysqlslap来测试
以下得这个例子代表用mysqlslap来测试并发数为25,50,100的调用存储过程，并且总共调用5000次。[root@localhost ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-maria/my.cnf --concurrency=25,50,100 --iterations=1 --query='call t_girl.sp_get_article(2,10,1);' --number-of-queries=5000 --debug-info -uroot -p -S/tmp/mysql50.sock
Enter password:
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.507 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.507 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.507 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 25
Average number of queries per client: 200
平均每个并发运行200个查询用了3.507秒。
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.742 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.742 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.742 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 100
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.697 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.697 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.697 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 50
User time 0.87, System time 0.33
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 1877, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 27218, Involuntary context switches 3100
看一下SHOW PROCESSLIST 结果
mysql> show processlist;
+------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
…………
| 3177 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3178 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3179 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3181 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3180 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3182 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3183 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3187 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | removing tmp table | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3186 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3194 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3203 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | deallocate prepare s1 |
…………
| 3221 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3222 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3223 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3224 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | removing tmp table | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3225 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
| 3226 | root | % | t_girl | Query | 0 | NULL | select a.* from article as a inner join (select a.aid from article as a inner join (select cid from |
+------+------+--------------------+--------------------+---------+-------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
55 rows in set (0.00 sec)
上面的测试语句其实也可以这样写
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-maria/my.cnf --concurrency=25,50,100 --iterations=1 --create-schema='t_girl' --query='call sp_get_article(2,10,1);' --number-of-queries=5000 --debug-info -uroot -p -S/tmp/mysql50.sock
另：
mysqlslap是一个mysql官方提供的压力测试工具。以下是比较重要的参数：
–defaults-file，配置文件存放位置
–concurrency，并发数
–engines，引擎
–iterations，迭代的实验次数
–socket，socket文件位置
自动测试：
–auto-generate-sql，自动产生测试SQL
–auto-generate-sql-load-type，测试SQL的类型。类型有mixed，update，write，key，read。
–number-of-queries，执行的SQL总数量
–number-int-cols，表内int列的数量
–number-char-cols，表内char列的数量
例如：
shell>mysqlslap –defaults-file=/u01/mysql1/mysql/my.cnf –concurrency=50,100 –iterations=1 –number-int-cols=4 –auto-generate-sql –auto-generate-sql-load-type=write –engine=myisam –number-of-queries=200 -S/tmp/mysql1.sock
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.016 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.016 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.016 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 4
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.265 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.265 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.265 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 2
指定数据库的测试：
–create-schema，指定数据库名称
–query，指定SQL语句，可以定位到某个包含SQL的文件
例如：
shell>mysqlslap –defaults-file=/u01/mysql1/mysql/my.cnf –concurrency=25,50 –iterations=1 –create-schema=test –query=/u01/test.sql -S/tmp/mysql1.sock
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.018 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.018 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.018 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 25
Average number of queries per client: 1
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.011 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.011 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.011 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 1
另：
Mysqlslap是从5.1.4版开始的一个MySQL官方提供的压力测试工具。通过模拟多个并发客户端访问MySQL来执行压力测试，同时详细的提供了“高负荷攻击MySQL”的数据性能报告。并且能很好的对比多个存储引擎在相同环境下的并发压力性能差别。
它的使用语法如下：
shell>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlslap [options]
常用参数【options】详细介绍：
--concurrency代表并发数量，多个可以用逗号隔开。例如：--concurrency=50,200,500
--engines代表要测试的引擎，可以有多个，用分隔符隔开。例如：--engines=myisam,innodb,memory
--iterations代表要在不同并发环境下，各自运行测试多少次。
--auto-generate-sql 代表用mysqlslap工具自己生成的SQL脚本来测试并发压力。
--auto-generate-sql-add-auto-increment 代表对生成的表自动添加auto_increment列，从5.1.18版本开始，
--auto-generate-sql-load-type 代表要测试的环境是读操作还是写操作还是两者混合的（read,write,update,mixed）
--number-of-queries 代表总共要运行多少条查询。
--debug-info 代表要额外输出CPU以及内存的相关信息。
--number-int-cols 代表示例表中的INTEGER类型的属性有几个。
--number-char-cols代表示例表中的vachar类型的属性有几个。
--create-schema 代表自定义的测试库名称。
--query 代表自定义的测试SQL脚本。
说明：
测试的过程需要生成测试表，插入测试数据，这个mysqlslap可以自动生成，默认生成一个mysqlslap的schema，如果已经存在则先删除。可以用-only-print来打印实际的测试过程，整个测试完成后不会在数据库中留下痕迹。
实验步骤：
练习一：
单线程测试。测试做了什么。
>./bin/mysqlslap -a -uroot -p111111
多线程测试。使用--concurrency来模拟并发连接。
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -c 100 -uroot -p111111
迭代测试。用于需要多次执行测试得到平均值。
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -i 10 -uroot -p111111
练习二：
> ./bin/mysqlslap -auto-generate-sql-add-autoincrement -a -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -auto-generate-sql-load-type=read -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -auto-generate-secondary-indexes=3 -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -auto-generate-sql-write-number=1000 -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap --create-schema world -q "select count(*) from City" -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a -e innodb -uroot -p111111
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a --number-of-queries=10 -uroot -p111111
练习三：
执行一次测试，分别50和100个并发，执行1000次总查询：
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --debug-info -uroot -p111111
50和100个并发分别得到一次测试结果(Benchmark)，并发数越多，执行完所有查询的时间越长。为了准确起见，可以多迭代测试几次:
> ./bin/mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --debug-info -uroot -p111111
测试同时不同的存储引擎的性能进行对比：
>./bin/mysqlslap -a --concurrency=50,100 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --engine=myisam,innodb --debug-info -uroot -p111111