在Linux开发中着实用到的调试工具并不是很多。devmem的方式是提供给驱动开发人员,在应用层能够侦测内存地址中的数据变化,以此来检测驱动中对内存或者相关配置的正确性验证。
devmem2使用方法:
devmem2 { address } [ type [ data ] ]
address : 物理地址
type :要访问的数据类型 : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord
data :想要写入的数据,若为读取操作则省略此参数,若为写入,则必须含有此参数。
如下就贴出devmem2的源代码一探究竟。
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <signal.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <ctype.h>
- #include <termios.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/mman.h>
- #define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]\n", \
- __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)
- #define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
- #define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)
- int main(int argc, char **argv) {
- int fd;
- void *map_base, *virt_addr;
- unsigned long read_result, writeval;
- off_t target;
- int access_type = 'w';
- if(argc < 2) {//若参数个数少于两个则打印此工具的使用方法
- fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage:\t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]\n"
- "\taddress : memory address to act upon\n"
- "\ttype : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord\n"
- "\tdata : data to be written\n\n",
- argv[0]);
- exit(1);
- }
- target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);
- if(argc > 2)
- access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);
- if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;
- printf("/dev/mem opened.\n");
- fflush(stdout);
- /* Map one page */ //将内核空间映射到用户空间
- map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);
- if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;
- printf("Memory mapped at address %p.\n", map_base);
- fflush(stdout);
- virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);
- //针对不同的参数获取不同类型内存数据
- switch(access_type) {
- case 'b':
- read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
- break;
- case 'h':
- read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
- break;
- case 'w':
- read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
- break;
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.\n", access_type);
- exit(2);
- }
- printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%X\n", target, virt_addr, read_result);
- fflush(stdout);
- //若参数大于3个,则说明为写入操作,针对不同参数写入不同类型的数据
- if(argc > 3) {
- writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);
- switch(access_type) {
- case 'b':
- *((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;
- read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
- break;
- case 'h':
- *((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;
- read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
- break;
- case 'w':
- *((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;
- read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
- break;
- }
- printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%X\n", writeval, read_result);
- fflush(stdout);
- }
- if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;
- close(fd);
- return 0;
- }