github创建远程仓库

创建远程仓库

当你已经在本地创建了一个Git仓库后，又想在GitHub创建一个Git仓库，并且让这两个仓库进行远程同步，这样，GitHub上的仓库既可以作为备份，又可以让其他人通过该仓库来协作，真是一举多得。

首先，登陆GitHub，然后，在右上角找到“New repository”按钮，创建一个新的仓库：

下载代码
SSH [e-mail]:Ningning-Li/git_training.gitSSH需要认证
HTTPS https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git

[root@greg02 gittraining]#git clone https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git
Cloning into 'git_training'...
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
[root@greg02 gittraining]#ls
git_training
[root@greg02 gittraining]#cd git_training/
[root@greg02 git_training]#ls
[root@greg02 git_training]#ls -a
.  ..  .git
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim REANDME
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim hello.py
[root@greg02 git_training]#ls
hello.py  REANDME
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add .
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "first commit"
[master (root-commit) 14a2083] first commit
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 REANDME
 create mode 100644 hello.py
[root@greg02 git_training]#git remote add origin https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git
fatal: remote origin already exists.
[root@greg02 git_training]#git push -u origin master
Username for 'https://github.com': Ningning-Li
Password for 'https://[e-mail]':
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 295 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

当你再次修改还需要用户密码

[root@greg02 git_training]#vim hi.py
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add .
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "add hi.py"
[master 7a4a192] add hi.py
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hi.py
[root@greg02 git_training]#git push -u origin master
Username for 'https://github.com': Ningning-Li
Password for 'https://[e-mail]':
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 315 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git
   14a2083..7a4a192  master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

创建分支

[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout -b dev
M    hi.py
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@greg02 git_training]#git branch dev
fatal: A branch named 'dev' already exists.
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout dev
M    hi.py
Already on 'dev'
[root@greg02 git_training]#git branch
* dev
  master
[root@greg02 git_training]#touch readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "branch test"
[dev 6d63a9a] branch test
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout master
M    hi.py
Switched to branch 'master'
[root@greg02 git_training]#ls
hello.py  hi.py  REANDME

合并分支

[root@greg02 git_training]#git merge dev
Updating 7a4a192..6d63a9a
Fast-forward
 readme.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#ls
hello.py  hi.py  readme.txt  REANDME

git merge命令用于合并指定分支到当前分支。合并后，再查看readme.txt的内容，就可以看到，和dev分支的最新提交是完全一样的。

注意到上面的Fast-forward信息，Git告诉我们，这次合并是“快进模式”，也就是直接把master指向dev的当前提交，所以合并速度非常快。

合并完成后，就可以放心地删除dev分支了：

[root@greg02 git_training]#git branch -d dev
Deleted branch dev (was 6d63a9a).

删除后，查看branch，就只剩下master分支了：
$ git branch
* master

分支冲突

准备新分支开发：
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout -b dev
M    hi.py
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "from dev"
[dev b76c207] from dev
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

切换到master分支：

[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout master
M    hi.py
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 4 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "from master"
[master a50aa2c] from master
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
[root@greg02 git_training]#git merge dev
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
[root@greg02 git_training]#git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 5 commits.
#   (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
#
# You have unmerged paths.
#   (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
#
# Unmerged paths:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
#
#    both modified:      readme.txt
#
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#    modified:   hi.py
#

Git用<<<<<<<，=======，>>>>>>>标记出不同分支的内容，vim编辑删掉，再提交。

[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "confilict fixed"
[master 46885a9] confilict fixed

debug

[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout -b dev
M    hi.py
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim dev.py
[root@greg02 git_training]#vim readme.tx
[root@greg02 git_training]#git status
# On branch dev
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#    modified:   hi.py
#    modified:   readme.txt
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#    dev.py
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

现在，用git status查看工作区，就是干净的（除非有没有被Git管理的文件），因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。

首先确定要在哪个分支上修复bug，假定需要在master分支上修复，就从master创建临时分支：

[root@greg02 git_training]#git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: 46885a9 confilict fixed
HEAD is now at 46885a9 confilict fixed
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout -b issue-101
Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'
[root@greg02 git_training]#git add readme.txt
[root@greg02 git_training]#git commit -m "fix bug 101"
# On branch issue-101
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#    dev.py
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
修复完成后，切换到master分支，并完成合并，最后删除issue-101分支：
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 7 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
[root@greg02 git_training]#git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fixd" issue-101
Already up-to-date.
[root@greg02 git_training]#git branch -d issue-101
Deleted branch issue-101 (was 46885a9).
[root@greg02 git_training]#git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
[root@greg02 git_training]#git status
# On branch dev
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#    dev.py
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
工作区是干净的，刚才的工作现场存到哪去了？用git stash list命令看看：
[root@greg02 git_training]#git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on dev: 46885a9 confilict fixed

工作现场还在，Git把stash内容存在某个地方了，但是需要恢复一下，有两个办法：

一是用git stash apply恢复，但是恢复后，stash内容并不删除，你需要用git stash drop来删除；

另一种方式是用git stash pop，恢复的同时把stash内容也删了：

[root@greg02 git_training]#git stash pop
# On branch dev
# Changes not staged for commit:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#    modified:   hi.py
#    modified:   readme.txt
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#    dev.py
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (71a6bc430e1275a6d951e40447db317bd2e7ecc9)

再用git stash list查看，就看不到任何stash内容了：
$ git stash list
你可以多次stash，恢复的时候，先用git stash list查看，然后恢复指定的stash，用命令：
$ git stash apply stash@{0}

推送分支

如果要推送其他分支，比如dev，就改成：

但是，并不是一定要把本地分支往远程推送，那么，哪些分支需要推送，哪些不需要呢？

• master分支是主分支，因此要时刻与远程同步；

• dev分支是开发分支，团队所有成员都需要在上面工作，所以也需要与远程同步；

• bug分支只用于在本地修复bug，就没必要推到远程了，除非老板要看看你每周到底修复了几个bug；

• feature分支是否推到远程，取决于你是否和你的小伙伴合作在上面开发

多人协作的工作模式通常是这样：

1. 首先，可以试图用git push origin branch-name推送自己的修改；

2. 如果推送失败，则因为远程分支比你的本地更新，需要先用git pull试图合并；

3. 如果合并有冲突，则解决冲突，并在本地提交；

4. 没有冲突或者解决掉冲突后，再用git push origin branch-name推送就能成功！

如果git pull提示“no tracking information”，则说明本地分支和远程分支的链接关系没有创建，用命令git branch --set-upstream branch-name origin/branch-name。

 git init初始化
 git add file.py 把代码放入git暂存区
 git commit 从代码暂存区存入仓库
 git status 查看当前的代码状态
 git checkout把代码从暂存区回滚到工作区

 rm file 本地删除
 git add/rm file 提交到暂存区
 git reset HEAD file 从暂存区回滚到工作区
 git checkout --file 把工作区里操作撤销

 下载代码
 SSH [e-mail]:Ningning-Li/git_training.git
 HTTPS https://github.com/Ningning-Li/git_training.git

 分支

 git checkout -b branch_name 创建并切换分支
 git checkout branch_name切换分支
 git pull从远程更新代码到本地
 git push 把本地代码推到远程
 git merge branch_name合并分支

 git stash 把当前工作环境临时保存

 git stash apply 恢复之前保存的临时工作

 git stash list 查看临时保存的列表

 git stash drop 删除当前临时保存的环境备份

 git stash pop 恢复并删除临时保存的备份

常用命令