保存会话数据——cookie学习

时间:2022-10-09 09:13:11

Cookie是客户端技术,程序把每个用户的数据以cookie的形式写给用户各自的浏览器。当用户使用浏览器再去访问服务器中的web资源时,就会带着各自的数据去。这样,web资源处理的就是用户各自的数据了。

javax.servlet.http.Cookie类用于创建一个Cookie,response接口也中定义了一个addCookie方法,它用于在其响应头中增加一个相应的Set-Cookie头字段。 同样,request接口中也定义了一个getCookies方法,它用于获取客户端提交的Cookie。Cookie类的方法:
public Cookie(String name,String value)
setValue与getValue方法
setMaxAge与getMaxAge方法
setPath与getPath方法 /day06
setDomain与getDomain方法
getName方法

一个Cookie只能标识一种信息,它至少含有一个标识该信息的名称(NAME)和设置值(VALUE)。
一个WEB站点可以给一个WEB浏览器发送多个Cookie,一个WEB浏览器也可以存储多个WEB站点提供的Cookie。
浏览器一般只允许存放300个Cookie,每个站点最多存放20个Cookie,每个Cookie的大小限制为4KB。
如果创建了一个cookie,并将他发送到浏览器,默认情况下它是一个会话级别的cookie(即存储在浏览器的内存中),用户退出浏览器之后即被删除。若希望浏览器将该cookie存储在磁盘上,则需要使用maxAge,并给出一个以秒为单位的时间。将最大时效设为0则是命令浏览器删除该cookie。
注意,删除cookie时,path必须一致,否则不会删除

利用coockie技术实现显示上次登录时间:

	//利用cookie技术实现客户端显示上次访问时间
private void test1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
//1: 获得客户端带来的cookie , 用来读取上次访问的时间, 输出到客户端显示
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
out.write("你上次访问的时间:".getBytes());
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; ++i) {
if (cookies[i].getName().equals("lastAcessTime")) {
String time = cookies[i].getValue();
Date date = new Date(Long.parseLong(time));
out.write(date.toLocaleString().getBytes());
}
} //2: 创建新的Cookie ,覆盖原来的Cookie , 存储最近一次访问时间
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastAcessTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(1*30*24*60*60); //设置cookie缓存一个月, 以秒为单位, 默认为浏览器进程
cookie.setPath("/Test"); //设置cookie的有效目录 如果不设置默认为访问资源坐在的目录
response.addCookie(cookie);
}

  

  

利用coockie实现 显示用户上次浏览过的商品

显示所有书籍,和用户浏览过的数据的servlet

package cn.cookie;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class CookieDemo1 extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1:显示所有书籍
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Map<String, Book> books = DB.getALL();
session.setAttribute("books", books); //2:显示曾经浏览过的书籍
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String[] ids = null;
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; ++i) {
if (cookies[i].getName().equals("bookHistory")) { ids = cookies[i].getValue().split("\\,");
cookies[i].setMaxAge(0); }
}
System.out.println("ids = " + ids); List<Book> lookedBooks = new ArrayList<Book>();
for (int i = 0; ids != null && i < ids.length; ++i) {
Book b = DB.getALL().get(ids[i]);
lookedBooks.add(b);
}
session.setAttribute("lookedBooks", lookedBooks);
request.getRequestDispatcher("indexcookie.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response);
}
} class DB{
private static Map<String, Book> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, Book>(); static {
map.put("1", new Book("1", "javaweb", "Tom"));
map.put("2", new Book("2", "C++", "Jery"));
map.put("3", new Book("3", "C", "Bob"));
map.put("4", new Book("4", "C#", "HH"));
map.put("5", new Book("5", "JDBC", "TT"));
map.put("6", new Book("6", "Orcal", "GG"));
}
public static Map<String, Book> getALL() {
return map;
}
}

  

  

购买Servlet 这里要处理cookie

package cn.cookie;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class CookieDemo2 extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1: 得到要查看的书籍
String id = request.getParameter("id");
Book book = DB.getALL().get(id);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("book", book); //:重写cookie
String value = buildCookie(id, request);
System.out.println("value = " + value);
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("bookHistory", value);
cookie.setMaxAge(30*24*60*60);
cookie.setPath("/Test");
response.addCookie(cookie); request.getRequestDispatcher("bookDetail.jsp").forward(request, response);
} private String buildCookie(String id, HttpServletRequest request) { String bookHistory = null;
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; ++i) {
if (cookies[i].getName().equals("bookHistory")) {
bookHistory = cookies[i].getValue();
break;
}
}
if (bookHistory == null) return id;
LinkedList<String> ids = new LinkedList<String>(Arrays.asList(bookHistory.split("\\,")));
if (ids.contains(id)) {
ids.remove(id);
} else {
if (ids.size() >= 3) {
ids.removeLast();
}
}
ids.addFirst(id);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String i : ids) {
sb.append(i + ",");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1); System.out.println("sb = " + sb.toString());
return sb.toString();
} public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
} }

  

  

显示页面:

 <body>
<font color="red" size="5">所有书籍 : </font> <br/> <c:forEach var="books" items="${books}"> <a href="/Test/CookieDemo2?id=${ books.key }">
${books.key} :
<c:set var="book" value="${ books.value }"></c:set>
${ book.name } ${ book.author } <br/>
</a>
</c:forEach> <font color="red" size="5">您看过的书籍 : </font> <br/>
<c:forEach var="lookedBook" items="${ lookedBooks }">
${ lookedBook["name"] }
</c:forEach>
</body>