本文主要介绍ubuntu如何编译安装nginx以及遇到的问题 和 配置系统自动启动服务
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下载安装nginx步骤
1.下载nginx稳定版本,并安装。如下:
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.16.1
执行:
./configure
执行:
make
最后执行:
make install
就安装好了!
此处整理安装nginx过程中nginx所需要的类库没有安装出现的报错:
./configure
报错:
checking for OS
+ Linux 5.0.0-32-generic x86_64
checking for C compiler ... not found
./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found
执行:apt install gcc
./configure
报错:
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
执行
apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
出错:镜像源中没有找到 pcre-devel 库
root@ubuntu:~/nginx-1.16.1# apt install pcre-devel
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package pcre-devel
./configure
出错
ubuntu error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
apt install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
./configure
出错:
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
apt install libssl-dev libperl-dev
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
apt install zlib1g zlib1g-dev
./configure
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ OpenSSL library is not used
+ using system zlib library
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
make
make install
接下来配置nginx的自动启动管理服务
配置之前先啰嗦几句对ubuntu系统的应有的了解:
Ubuntu 16.10开始不再使用initd管理系统,改用systemd,包括用systemctl命令来替换了service和chkconfig的功能。
比如以前启动mysql服务用sudo service mysql start,现在用sudo systemctl start mysqld.service。
systemd 默认读取 /etc/systemd/system 下的配置文件,该目录下的文件会链接/lib/systemd/system/下的文件。
1.建立服务文件
vim lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
复制如下内容写入到nginx.service中
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Unit]:服务的说明
Description:描述服务
After:依赖,当依赖的服务启动之后再启动自定义的服务
[Service]服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking是后台运行的形式
ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecReload为重启命令(需要根据路径适配)
ExecStop为停止命令(需要根据路径适配)
PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意:启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户
Type
Type=simple(默认值):systemd认为该服务将立即启动。服务进程不会fork。如果该服务要启动其他服务,不要使用此类型启动,除非该服务是socket激活型。
Type=forking:systemd认为当该服务进程fork,且父进程退出后服务启动成功。对于常规的守护进程(daemon),除非你确定此启动方式无法满足需求,使用此类型启动即可。使用此启动类型应同时指定 PIDFile=,以便systemd能够跟踪服务的主进程。
Type=oneshot:这一选项适用于只执行一项任务、随后立即退出的服务。可能需要同时设置 RemainAfterExit=yes使得systemd在服务进程退出之后仍然认为服务处于激活状态
Type=notify:与 Type=simple相同,但约定服务会在就绪后向systemd发送一个信号。这一通知的实现由 libsystemd-daemon.so提供。
Type=dbus:若以此方式启动,当指定的 BusName 出现在DBus系统总线上时,systemd认为服务就绪。
PIDFile : pid文件路径
ExecStartPre :启动前要做什么,上文中是测试配置文件 -t
2.保存目录
/usr/lib/systemd/system
3.设置开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx.service //任意目录下执行
4.使用命令
systemctl start nginx.service //启动nginx服务
systemctl enable nginx.service //设置开机自动启动
systemctl disable nginx.service //停止开机自动启动
systemctl status nginx.service //查看状态
systemctl restart nginx.service //重启服务
systemctl list-units --type=service //查看所有服务