本篇使用Repository设计MVC项目，使用Ninject作为DI容器，借助Moq进行单元测试。
模型和EF上下文
模型很简单：
public class Foo
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
EF上下文为：
using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
public class FooBarContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Foo> Foos { get; set; }
}
}
Repository相关
为了避免在IXXXRepository中有关增删改查等的重复代码，有必要创建一个所有IXXXRepository的基接口：
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions; namespace MvcApplication1.Repository
{
public interface IBaseRepository<T> where T : class
{
IQueryable<T> GetAll();
IQueryable<T> FindBy(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate);
void Add(T entity);
void Edit(T entity);
void Delete(T entity);
void Save();
}
}
IFooRepository，也可以有自己的接口方法：
using MvcApplication1.Models; namespace MvcApplication1.Repository
{
public interface IFooRepository : IBaseRepository<Foo>
{
Foo GetSingle(int fooId);
}
}
BaseRepository是一个抽象类，提供了所有XXXRepository的泛型基类实现，并实现 IBaseRepository接口：
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq; namespace MvcApplication1.Repository
{
public abstract class BaseRepository<C,T> : IBaseRepository<T> where T : class where C : DbContext,new()
{
private C _db = new C(); public C Db
{
get { return _db; }
set { _db = value; }
} public System.Linq.IQueryable<T> GetAll()
{
IQueryable<T> query = _db.Set<T>();
return query;
} public System.Linq.IQueryable<T> FindBy(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<System.Func<T, bool>> predicate)
{
IQueryable<T> query = _db.Set<T>().Where(predicate);
return query;
} public void Add(T entity)
{
_db.Set<T>().Add(entity);
} public void Edit(T entity)
{
_db.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified;
} public void Delete(T entity)
{
_db.Set<T>().Remove(entity);
} public void Save()
{
_db.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
FooRepository不仅派生于BaseRepository<FooBarContext, Foo>，还需要实现IFooRepository约定的接口方法：
using System.Linq;
using MvcApplication1.Models; namespace MvcApplication1.Repository
{
public class FooRepository : BaseRepository<FooBarContext, Foo>,IFooRepository
{ public Foo GetSingle(int fooId)
{
var query = GetAll().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == fooId);
return query;
}
}
}
Ninject控制器工厂
通过GuGet安装Ninjct，创建Ninject控制器工厂：
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication1.Repository;
using Ninject; namespace MvcApplication1.Extension
{
public class NinjectControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory
{
private IKernel ninjectKernel; public NinjectControllerFactory()
{
ninjectKernel = new StandardKernel();
} protected override IController GetControllerInstance(System.Web.Routing.RequestContext requestContext, System.Type controllerType)
{
return controllerType == null ? null : (IController) ninjectKernel.Get(controllerType);
} private void AddBindings()
{
ninjectKernel.Bind<IFooRepository>().To<FooRepository>();
ninjectKernel.Bind<IBarRepository>().To<BarRepository>();
}
}
}
并在全局注册：
protected void Application_Start()
{
...... ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new NinjectControllerFactory());
}
创建FooController，包含增删改查
using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication1.Models;
using MvcApplication1.Repository; namespace MvcApplication1.Controllers
{
public class FooController : Controller
{
private readonly IFooRepository _fooRepository; public FooController(IFooRepository fooRepository)
{
_fooRepository = fooRepository;
} public ViewResult Index()
{
var model = _fooRepository.GetAll();
return View(model);
} public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
var model = _fooRepository.GetSingle(id);
if (model == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
return View(model);
} public ActionResult Edit(int id)
{
var model = _fooRepository.GetSingle(id);
if (model == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
return View(model);
} [ActionName("Edit"), HttpPost]
public ActionResult Eidt_Post(Foo foo)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
try
{
_fooRepository.Edit(foo);
_fooRepository.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Details", new { id = foo.Id });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "出错了：" + ex.Message);
}
}
return View(foo);
} public ActionResult Create()
{
return View();
} [ActionName("Create"), HttpPost]
public ActionResult Create_Post(Foo foo)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
try
{
_fooRepository.Add(foo);
_fooRepository.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Details", new {id = foo.Id});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ModelState.AddModelError(string.Empty, "出错了："+ex.Message);
}
}
return View(foo);
} public ActionResult Delete(int id)
{
var model = _fooRepository.GetSingle(id);
if (model == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
return View(model);
} [ActionName("Delete"),HttpPost]
public ActionResult Delete_Post(int id)
{
var model = _fooRepository.GetSingle(id);
if (model == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
_fooRepository.Delete(model);
_fooRepository.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
}
}
单元测试
通过NuGet安装Moq，借助Moq来模拟接口方法的返回值。
→初始化
private IFooRepository fooRepository;
[TestInitialize]
public void Initialize()
{
Mock<IFooRepository> mock = new Mock<IFooRepository>();
mock.Setup(m => m.GetAll()).Returns(new Foo[]
{
new Foo(){Id = 1, Name = "Fake Foo 1"},
new Foo(){Id = 2, Name = "Fake Foo 2"},
new Foo(){Id = 3, Name = "Fake Foo 3"},
new Foo(){Id = 4, Name = "Fake Foo 4"}
}.AsQueryable());
mock.Setup(m =>
m.GetSingle(It.Is<int>(i =>i == 1 || i == 2 || i == 3 || i == 4))).Returns<int>(r => new Foo
{
Id = r,
Name = string.Format("Fake Foo {0}", r)
});
fooRepository = mock.Object;
}
→测试返回类型
[TestMethod]
public void is_index_return_model_type_of_iqueryable_foo()
{
//Arragne
FooController fooController = new FooController(fooRepository); //Act
var indexModel = fooController.Index().Model; //Assert
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(indexModel, typeof(IQueryable<Foo>));
} [TestMethod]
public void is_details_returns_type_of_ViewResult()
{
//Arrange
FooController fooController = new FooController(fooRepository); //Act
var detailsResult = fooController.Details(1); //Assert
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(detailsResult, typeof(ViewResult));
} [TestMethod]
public void is_details_returns_type_of_HttpNotFoundResult()
{
//Arrange
FooController fooController = new FooController(fooRepository); //Act
var detailsResult = fooController.Details(5); //Assert
Assert.IsInstanceOfType(detailsResult, typeof(HttpNotFoundResult));
}
→测试返回集合类型Model的数量
结果：
参考资料：
How to Work With Generic Repositories on ASP.NET MVC and Unit Testing Them By Mocking