将匹配模式的行从一个文件移动到另一个文件

I want to move lines matching certain pattern from file1 to file2. Analogous to operation cut and paste from one file to another in windows

我想将匹配特定模式的行从file1移动到file2。类似于windows中从一个文件到另一个文件的剪切和粘贴操作

Example

例子

let's say I want to cut all lines containg bar from file1 and paste it into newly created file2

假设我想从file1删除所有行containg bar，并将其粘贴到新创建的file2

Input:

输入:

file1

bla foo bla
bla bar bla
bla aaa bla
bla bar bla
bla foo bla

Desired output after processing:

期望的输出处理后:

file1

bla foo bla
bla aaa bla
bla foo bla

file2

bla bar bla
bla bar bla

What I have tried

我已经尝试

grep creates desired file2 but doesn't modify file1

grep创建所需的file2，但不修改file1

grep 'bar' file1 > file2

sed -i modifies desired file1 but doesn't create file2

sed -i修改所需的文件1，但不创建文件2

sed -i '/bar/d' file1

If I execute both commands one after another, I get desired result. But here I am looking for a single line command out of curiosity and to make a script more concise.

如果我一个接一个地执行这两个命令，就会得到想要的结果。但是，出于好奇，我在这里寻找一个单行命令，并使脚本更简洁。

Your help would be appreciated.

谢谢你的帮助。

5 个解决方案

#1

This might work for you (GNU sed):

这可能对您有用(GNU sed):

sed -i -e '/bar/{w file2' -e 'd}' file1

An alternative:

另一个:

sed -i -e '/bar/w file2' -e '//d' file1

#2

You can use perl and select a different filehandle based in a match of a regular expression when printing:

您可以使用perl，并在打印时根据正则表达式匹配选择不同的文件句柄:

perl -i.bak -ne 'BEGIN { open $oh, q|>|, pop or die } { print { m/bar/ ? $oh : q|ARGVOUT| } $_ }' file1 file2

It yields:

它的收益率:

==> file1 <==
bla foo bla
bla aaa bla
bla foo bla

==> file2 <==
bla bar bla
bla bar bla

#3

This awk script will do the trick:

这个awk脚本可以完成以下操作:

awk '{a[NR]=$0}END{for(i=1;i<=NR;i++)print a[i] > "file"(a[i]~/bar/?2:1)}' file1

Outputs:

输出:

$ cat file1
bla foo bla
bla aaa bla
bla foo bla

$ cat file2
bla bar bla
bla bar bla

#4

You can put a && between the two commands to make them a single line. But that won't be more readable, so I don't recommend you do that.

您可以在两个命令之间放置一个&&，使它们成为一行。但这不会更容易读懂，所以我不建议你这么做。

To do the same in one command, you would need something that can edit a file in-place, removing lines you don't want and at the same time printing those lines to stdout or stderr so you could redirect it to the other file. Maybe ed can do this but I don't know how to write that. I don't think there is another "standard" UNIX tool to do this.

要在一个命令中执行相同的操作，您需要一些可以编辑文件的地方，删除您不想要的行，同时将这些行打印到stdout或stderr，这样您就可以将其重定向到另一个文件。也许ed能做这个，但我不知道怎么写。我不认为有另一个“标准”的UNIX工具可以做到这一点。

Btw, cut & paste actually has 3 steps:

顺便说一句，剪切粘贴实际上有三个步骤:

Copy selected text to clipboard
将选定的文本复制到剪贴板
Remove from original file
删除从原始文件
Paste from clipboard to new file
从剪贴板粘贴到新文件

The 2-step UNIX command does it without a clipboard.

两步UNIX命令在不使用剪贴板的情况下执行。

#5

I like the other answers, but just an (obvious) alternative approach in case you are worried about making a mistake in your pattern and want an easy way to rollback:

我喜欢其他的答案，但这只是一种(显而易见的)替代方法，以防您担心在您的模式中出错，并希望有一种简单的方法来回滚:

grep    'bar' file1 > file2
grep -v 'bar' file1 > file3

Once you're happy with your results (hint: tee instead of > will allow you to see what's getting written to your files):

一旦你对你的结果感到满意(提示:tee而不是>会让你看到你的文件被写了什么):

mv file3 file1

Generally I prefer perl to do substitution like in the above answer, but when the regex idiom gets too complicated and you are semi-blindly copying and pasting commands you don't understand, you're not in control of your precious data.

一般来说，我更喜欢perl进行替换，就像上面的答案一样，但是当regex习惯用法变得太复杂，并且您正在半盲目地复制和粘贴您不理解的命令时，您就无法控制宝贵的数据。

#1