这章的目的是为了把前面所学习的内容整合一下，这个示例完成一个简单图书管理模块，因为中间需要使用到Bootstrap这里先介绍Bootstrap。
示例名称：天狗书店
功能：完成前后端分离的图书管理功能，总结前端学习过的内容。
技术：NodeJS、Express、Monk、MongoDB、AngularJS、BootStrap、跨域
效果：
一、Bootstrap
Bootstrap是一个UI框架，它支持响应式布局，在PC端与移动端都表现不错。
Bootstrap是Twitter推出的一款简洁、直观、强悍的前端开发框架。
Bootstrap中包含了丰富的Web组件，根据这些组件，可以快速的搭建一个漂亮、功能完备的网站。
在线可视布局：http://www.ibootstrap.cn/
安装：npm install bootstrap@3
1.1、添加引用
也可使用包管理器也可以去官网下载后添加引用。
1.2、在页面中使用BootStrap
添加CSS引用：
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
添加JavaScript引用：
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
在页面中引用BootStrap定义好的样式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>bootstrap</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
</head> <body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
<p>This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information</p>
<p>
<a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默认</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">主要</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">成功</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">信息</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">警告</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">错误</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">链接</button>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">默认</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默认</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">默认</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">默认</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</body> </html>
运行结果：
1.3、可视化布局
如果想快速高效的布局可以使用一些在线辅助工具，如：
点击下载可以获得生成的HTML脚本。
二、使用MongoDB创建数据库
2.1、启动MongoDB数据库
数据库的具体安装、配置在前面的章节中已经讲解过，可以参考。
如果服务与配置都没有完成的话可以启动：C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.4\bin\mongod.exe
2.2、启动数据库GUI管理工具
2.3、创建数据库与集合
在localhost上右键“create database”创建名称为BookStore的数据库。
创建一个用于存放图书的集合名称为books。
在集合中添加5本图书。
db.getCollection('books').insert({id:201701,title:"使用AlarJS开发下一代应用程序",picture:"b1.jpg",price:55.0,author:"brad green"});
三、创建一个Express项目
这里使用Eclipse（HBuilder）为开发工具，添加Nodeclipse插件，新增一个Express项目：
3.1、创建app.js
/**
* Module dependencies.
*/ var express = require('express')
, routes = require('./routes')
, books = require('./routes/books')
, http = require('http')
, path = require('path'); var app = express(); // all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public'))); // development only
if ('development' == app.get('env')) {
app.use(express.errorHandler());
} app.get('/', books.list);
app.get('/books', books.list); http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function(){
console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});
四、Monk访问MongoDB数据库
monk是NodeJS平台下访问MongoDB数据库的一个模块。monk访问MongoDB更加方便比NodeJS直接访问。
git仓库地址：https://github.com/Automattic/monk
文档：https://automattic.github.io/monk/
安装：npm install --save monk
4.1、创建连接
const monk = require('monk')
// Connection URL
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject';
const db = monk(url);
db.then(() => {
console.log('Connected correctly to server')
})
4.2、插入数据
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url); const collection = db.get('document') collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
.then((docs) => {
// docs contains the documents inserted with added **_id** fields
// Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
}).catch((err) => {
// An error happened while inserting
}).then(() => db.close())
users.insert({ woot: 'foo' })
users.insert([{ woot: 'bar' }, { woot: 'baz' }])
4.3、更新数据
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url); const collection = db.get('document') collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
.then((docs) => {
// Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
})
.then(() => { return collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }) })
.then((result) => {
// Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
})
.then(() => db.close())
users.update({name: 'foo'}, {name: 'bar'})
4.4、删除数据
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url); const collection = db.get('document') collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
.then((docs) => {
// Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
})
.then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }))
.then((result) => {
// Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
})
.then(() => { return collection.remove({ a: 3}) }).then((result) => {
// Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3
})
.then(() => db.close())
users.remove({ woot: 'foo' })
4.5、查找数据
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url); const collection = db.get('document') collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
.then((docs) => {
// Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
})
.then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }))
.then((result) => {
// Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
})
.then(() => collection.remove({ a: 3}))
.then((result) => {
// Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3
})
.then(() => { return collection.find() })
.then((docs) => {
// docs === [{ a: 1 }, { a: 2, b: 1 }]
})
.then(() => db.close())
users.find({}).then((docs) => {})
users.find({}, 'name').then((docs) => {
// only the name field will be selected
})
users.find({}, { fields: { name: 1 } }) // equivalent
users.find({}, '-name').then((docs) => {
// all the fields except the name field will be selected
})
users.find({}, { fields: { name: 0 } }) // equivalent
users.find({}, { rawCursor: true }).then((cursor) => {
// raw mongo cursor
})
users.find({}).each((user, {close, pause, resume}) => {
// the users are streaming here
// call `close()` to stop the stream
}).then(() => {
// stream is over
})
//创建的数据库
var monk = require('monk')
var db = monk('localhost:27017/bookstore') //读取数据：
var monk = require('monk')
var db = monk('localhost:27017/monk-demo') var books = db.get('books')
books.find({}, function(err, docs) {
console.log(docs)
}) //插入数据：
books.insert({"name":"orange book","description":"just so so"}) //查找数据：
books.find({"name":"apple book"}, function(err, docs) {
console.log(docs)
})
五、创建Rest后台服务
在routes目录下增加的books.js文件内容如下：
/*
* 使用monk访问mongodb
* 以rest的方式向前台提供服务
*/ //依赖monk模块
var monk = require('monk');
//连接并打开数据库
var db = monk('localhost:27017/BookStore');
//从数据库中获得books集合，类似表，并非所有数据， key
var books = db.get('books'); //列出所有的图书json
exports.list = function(req, res) {
//无条件查找所有的图书，then是当查找完成时回调的异步方法
books.find({}).then((docs) => {
//返回json给客户端
res.json(docs);
}).then(() => db.close()); //关闭数据库
}; //获得最大id
exports.getMax=function(req,res){
//找一个，根据id降序排序，
books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((bookObj)=>{
res.json(bookObj);
}).then(() => db.close());;
} //添加图书
exports.add = function(req, res) {
//先找到最大的图书编号
books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((obj)=>{
//从客户端发送到服务器的图书对象
var book=req.body;
//设置图书编号为最大的图书编号+1
book.id=(parseInt(obj.id)+1)+"";
//执行添加
books.insert(book).then((docs) => {
//返回添加成功的对象
res.json(docs);
}).then(() => db.close());
});
}; //删除图书
exports.del = function(req, res) {
//从路径中取参数id,/:id
var id=req.params.id;
//移除编号为id的图书
books.remove({"id":id}).then((obj)=>{
//返回移除结果
res.json(obj);
}).then(() => db.close());
}; //更新
exports.update = function(req, res) {
//获得提交给服务器的json对象
var book=req.body;
//执行更新,第1个参数是要更新的图书查找条件，第2个参数是要更新的对象
books.update({"id":book.id}, book).then((obj)=>{
//返回更新完成后的对象
res.json(obj);
}).then(() => db.close());
};
为了完成跨域请求，修改http头部信息及路径映射，app.js文件如下：
var express = require('express'),
routes = require('./routes'),
books = require('./routes/books'),
http = require('http'),
path = require('path');
var app = express();
// all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
app.all('*', function(req, res, next) {
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "content-type");
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "PUT,POST,GET,DELETE,OPTIONS");
res.header("X-Powered-By", ' 3.2.1')
res.header("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
if(req.method == "OPTIONS") {
res.send("200");
} else {
next();
}
});
// development only
if('development' == app.get('env')) {
app.use(express.errorHandler());
}
app.get('/', books.list);
//获得所有的图书列表
app.get('/books', books.list);
//最大的编号
app.get('/books/maxid', books.getMax);
//添加
app.post('/books/book', books.add);
//删除
app.delete('/books/id/:id', books.del);
//更新
app.put('/books/book', books.update);
http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function() {
console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});
查询所有：
其它服务的测试可以使用Fiddler完成。
六、使用AngularJS调用后台服务
这里的UI使用BootStrap完成，前端使用AngularJS调用NodeJS发布的服务，将数据存放在MongoDB中。
index.js页面如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>天狗书店</title>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
<link rel="bookmark" href="favicon.ico" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<style type="text/css">
.cover {
height: 40px;
width: auto;
} .addBook {
padding-top: 10px;
} .w100 {
width: 50px
} .w200 {
width: 200px;
} .w300 {
width: 300px
}
</style>
</head> <body ng-app="bookApp"> <div class="container" ng-controller="BookController">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">天狗书店</a>
</div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active">
<a href="#">前端</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Java</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">.Net</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">更多类型<strong class="caret"></strong></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>
<a href="#">Action</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Another action</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Something else here</a>
</li>
<li class="divider">
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Separated link</a>
</li>
<li class="divider">
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">One more separated link</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" />
</div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
</form>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="carousel slide" id="carousel-519027">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li class="active" data-slide-to="0" data-target="#carousel-519027">
</li>
<li data-slide-to="1" data-target="#carousel-519027">
</li>
<li data-slide-to="2" data-target="#carousel-519027">
</li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item active">
<img alt="" src="img/adv3.jpg" />
<div class="carousel-caption"> </div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img alt="" src="img/adv2.jpg" />
<div class="carousel-caption">
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img alt="" src="img/adv1.jpg" />
<div class="carousel-caption">
<h4>
Third Thumbnail label
</h4>
<p>
Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span></a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span></a>
</div>
</div>
</div> </div>
</div> <div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="addBook">
<a id="modal-234446" href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" data-toggle="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></span> 新书上架</a> <div class="modal fade" id="modal-container-234446" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">
添加/编辑图书
</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body"> <form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="id" class="col-sm-2 control-label">编号</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control w100" id="id" ng-model="book.id" ng-readonly="true" />
</div>
</div> <div class="form-group">
<label for="title" class="col-sm-2 control-label">书名</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control w300" id="title" ng-model="book.title" />
</div>
</div> <div class="form-group">
<label for="picture" class="col-sm-2 control-label">图片</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="picture" ng-model="book.picture" />
</div>
</div> <div class="form-group">
<label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">价格</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="price" ng-model="book.price" />
</div>
</div> <div class="form-group">
<label for="author" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="author" ng-model="book.author" />
</div>
</div> </form> </div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" ng-click="save()" class="btn btn-primary">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk"></span>
保存</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success" ng-click="clear()" data-dismiss="modal">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span>
清空</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-dismiss="modal">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span>
关闭</button>
</div>
</div> </div> </div> </div>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
序号
</th>
<th>
编号
</th>
<th>
书名
</th>
<th>
图片
</th>
<th>
价格
</th>
<th>
作者
</th>
<th>
操作
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr ng-repeat="b in books" ng-class="{'info':$odd}">
<td>
{{$index+1}}
</td>
<td>
{{b.id}}
</td>
<td>
{{b.title}}
</td>
<td>
<img ng-src="img/{{b.picture}}" class="cover" />
</td>
<td>
{{b.price | number:1}}
</td>
<td>
{{b.author}}
</td>
<td>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" ng-click="del(b.id,$index)">删除</button>
<button href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" ng-click="edit(b)">编辑</button>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!--引入angularjs框架-->
<script src="js/angular146/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/jQuery1.11.3/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//定义模块，指定依赖项为空
var bookApp = angular.module("bookApp", []); //定义控制器，指定控制器的名称，$scope是全局对象
bookApp.controller("BookController", ['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http) {
$scope.books = [];
$scope.save = function() {
$http({
url: "http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/book",
data: $scope.book,
method: $scope.book.id ? "PUT" : "POST"
})
.success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
if($scope.book.id) {
alert("修改成功");
} else {
$scope.books.push(data);
}
})
.error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
alert(status);
});
} $scope.edit = function(b) {
$scope.book = b;
}
$scope.clear = function() {
$scope.book = {};
} //初始化加载
$http.get("http://127.0.0.1:3000/")
.success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
$scope.books = data;
})
.error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
alert(status);
}); $scope.del = function(id, index) {
$http.delete("http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/id/" + id)
.success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
$scope.books.splice(index, 1);
})
.error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
alert(status);
});
}
}]);
</script>
</body> </html>
运行结果：
新书上架：
编辑图书
添加成功后：
七、示例下载
前端：https://github.com/zhangguo5/AngularJS04.git