WebApi系列~基于RESTful标准的Web Api

时间：2021-07-10 15:19:51

微软的web api是在vs2012上的mvc4项目绑定发行的，它提出的web api是完全基于RESTful标准的，完全不同于之前的（同是SOAP协议的）wcf和webService，它是简单，代码可读性强的，上手快的，如果要拿它和web服务相比，我会说，它的接口更标准，更清晰，没有混乱的方法名称，有的只有几种标准的请求，如get,post,put,delete等，它们分别对应的几个操作，下面讲一下：

GET：生到数据列表（默认），或者得到一条实体数据

POST：添加服务端添加一条记录，记录实体为Form对象

PUT：添加或修改服务端的一条记录，记录实体的Form对象，记录主键以GET方式进行传输

DELETE：删除 服务端的一条记录

注意上面公开的API接口都是在XMLHttpRequest情况下调用的，当然你可以使用jquery的ajax组件来完成这个请求调用，它的代码更加面向对象，下面举例说明一下

这是页面的HTML代码部分，实现最基本的CRUD操作

WebApi系列~基于RESTful标准的Web Api
<fieldset>

    <legend>测试Web Api

    </legend>

    <a href="javascript:add()">添加(post)</a>

    <a href="javascript:update(1)">更新(put)</a>

    <a href="javascript:deletes(1)">删除(delete)</a>

    <a href="/api/test">列表(Get)</a>

    <a href="/api/test/1">实体(Get)</a>

</fieldset>

<script>

    function add() {

        $.ajax({

            url    : "/api/Test/",

            type   : "POST",

            data   :{"UserID":4,"UserName":"test","UserEmail":"Parry@cnblogs.com"},

            success: function (data) { alert(JSON.stringify(data)); }

        });

    }

    //更新

    function update(id) {

        $.ajax({

            url    : "/api/Test?id="+id,

            type   : "Put",

            data   :{"UserID":1,"UserName":"moditest","UserEmail":"Parry@cnblogs.com"},

            success: function (data) { alert(JSON.stringify(data)); }

        });

    }

    function deletes(id) {

        $.ajax({

            url    : "/api/Test/1",

            type   : "DELETE",

            success: function (data) { alert(data);}

        });

    }

</script>
WebApi系列~基于RESTful标准的Web Api

下面是ApiController部分的代码：

WebApi系列~基于RESTful标准的Web Api
   /// <summary>

    /// Test模块API

    /// URI：/Api/Test

    /// </summary>

    public class TestController : ApiController

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// User Data List

        /// </summary>

        private readonly List<Users> _userList = new List<Users>

       {

           new Users {UserID = 1, UserName = "zzl", UserEmail = "bfyxzls@sina.com"},

           new Users {UserID = 2, UserName = "Spiderman", UserEmail = "Spiderman@cnblogs.com"},

           new Users {UserID = 3, UserName = "Batman", UserEmail = "Batman@cnblogs.com"}

       };

        /// <summary>

        /// 得到列表对象

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public IEnumerable<Users> Get()

        {

            return _userList;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 得到一个实体，根据主键

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="id"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public Users Get(int id)

        {

            return _userList.FirstOrDefault(i => i.UserID == id);

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 添加

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="form">表单对象，它是唯一的</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public Users Post([FromBody] Users entity)

        {

            _userList.Add(entity);

            return entity;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 更新

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="id">主键</param>

        /// <param name="form">表单对象，它是唯一的</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public Users Put(int id, [FromBody]Users entity)

        {

            var user = _userList.FirstOrDefault(i => i.UserID == id);

            if (user != null)

            {

                user.UserName = entity.UserName;

                user.UserEmail = entity.UserEmail;

            }

            return user;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 删除

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="id">主键</param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public void Delete(int id)

        {

         _userList.Remove(_userList.FirstOrDefault(i=>i.UserID==id));

        }

    }
WebApi系列~基于RESTful标准的Web Api

下面我们看一下各个操作调用的结果：

添加操作（POST）

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" 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更新操作（PUT）

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" alt="" />

最后，再强调一下，web api使用RESTful架构的，不像传统的（同是SOAP的） RPC方式的wcf和web Service，它强调的是接口模块的概念，每个模块都是独立的，每个模块的接口方法都是统一的和单一的，即CRUD方法组成。

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