一、启动监听与数据库
1、启动监听：
[root@JTWF oracle]# su - oracle
bash-4.1$ lsnrctl start
说明：
su后面追加 -，-l,--login，表示切换用户时，使环境变量(home，shell，user，logname，path等）和欲切换的用户相同、
结果如下，则启动成功：
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-APR-2014 16:15:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /home/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/JTWF/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=JTWF)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=JTWF)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 04-APR-2014 16:15:25
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /home/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /home/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/JTWF/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=JTWF)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
2、启动数据库：
连接到sqlplus
su oracle
bash-4.1$ sqlplus /nolog
结果如下：
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Apr 4 16:15:52 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>
以sysdba登陆，并执行命令startup
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
结果如下：
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes
Fixed Size 2217992 bytes
Variable Size 578815992 bytes
Database Buffers 251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers 6590464 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
二、关闭数据库、监听
su - oracle登陆sqlplus，结果如下：
[root@JTWF oracle]# su oracle
bash-4.1$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Apr 4 15:10:59 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>
sysdba登陆：
SQL>conn /as sysdba
Connected.
关闭数据库：
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
关闭数据库后，若执行查询命令， 则会报如下错误：
SQL> select * from vio_business_request;
select * from vio_business_request
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 14138
Session ID: 75 Serial number: 503
SQL>
退出sqlplus：
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
2、关闭监听：
bash-4.1$ lsnrctl stop // oracle用户下执行
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-APR-2014 15:17:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=JTWF)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfullybash-4.1$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 04-APR-2014 15:17:00
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=JTWF)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully