一 : 安装
1.下载oracle11
在官网下载oracle11,下载地址如下:
oracle11g:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
下载到/home下,有两个压缩文件,利用如下命令解压:
sudo tar -zxvf linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip sudo tar -zxvf linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压完后,在home目录下生成一个database文件夹,这就是oracle的安装目录。
2.安装jdk1.8
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40461281/article/details/797793193.更新源文件
因为ubuntu的官方源并不全,特别是安装ia32-libs包的时候没有,首先我们备份源文件,然后把以下源增加到源列表:(删除原来的所有源,然后把下面的源粘贴进去):
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_back
把/etc/apt/sources.list源文件的内容替换成以下源:
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse #163源: deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse #阿里源: deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
4.安装依赖包
替换完后执行一下命令进行更新:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade
然后安装以下依赖包,务必要逐一执行,一定每个包都安装成功,要不然可能oracle安装不成功。
sudo apt-get install bzip2 sudo apt-get install elfutils sudo apt-get install automake sudo apt-get install autotools-dev sudo apt-get install binutils sudo apt-get install expat sudo apt-get install gawk sudo apt-get install gcc sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib sudo apt-get install g++-multilib sudo apt-get install ia32-libs sudo apt-get install ksh sudo apt-get install less sudo apt-get install lesstif2 sudo apt-get install lesstif2-dev sudo apt-get install lib32z1 sudo apt-get install libaio1 sudo apt-get install libaio-dev sudo apt-get install libc6-dev sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386 sudo apt-get install libc6-i386 sudo apt-get install libelf-dev sudo apt-get install libltdl-dev sudo apt-get install libmotif4 sudo apt-get install libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 sudo apt-get install libpth-dev sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0 sudo apt-get install libpthread-stubs0-dev sudo apt-get install libstdc++5 sudo apt-get install lsb-cxx sudo apt-get install make sudo apt-get install openssh-server sudo apt-get install pdksh sudo apt-get install rlwrap sudo apt-get install rpm sudo apt-get install sysstat sudo apt-get install unixodbc sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev sudo apt-get install unzip sudo apt-get install x11-utils sudo apt-get install zlibc
5.检查系统变量
sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default sudo /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
然后根据上面命令中得到的参数值在/etc/sysctl.conf中增加对应数据,可以打开两个终端,这样方便填写:
sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
把sysctl.conf中的以下内容用查得的值填上
fs.aio-max-nr = 65536
fs.file-max = 242293
kernel.shmall = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmax = 18446744073692774399
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 32000 1024000000 500 32000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 60999
net.core.rmem_default = 212992
net.core.rmem_max = 212992
net.core.wmem_default = 212992
net.core.wmem_max = 212992
运行一下命令更新内核参数:
sudo sysctl -p
6.添加对当前用户的内核限制在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中增加以下数据(XXX为你当前用户名)
XXX soft nproc 2047 XXX hard nproc 16384 XXX soft nofile 1024 XXX hard nofile 65536 XXX soft stack 10240
7.检查/etc/pam.d/login,增加以下行(有了就不用增加了):
session required pam_limits.so
检查/etc/pam.d/su,没有以下行就自己加上:
session required pam_limits.so
8.oracle默认不支持ubuntu需要欺骗一下oracle安装程序,执行以下命令:
sudo mkdir /usr/lib64 sudo ln -s /etc /etc/rc.d sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /lib64/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib64/ echo ‘Ubuntu Linux release 14.04′ > /etc/ubuntu-release
最后一个命令执行不了的话,可以用以下命令执行:
sudo vim /etc/ubuntu-release
在ubuntu-release文本中增加Ubuntu Linux release 14.04,然后保存退出即可。
9.配置oracle的环境变量
sudo gedit ~/.profile
打开.profile文件,为文件中添加以下行:
xxx换成你目前的用户名
创建文件夹
mkdir /home/myubuntu/oracle
mkdir /home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g export ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_BASE}/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8 export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64;
10.启动oracle安装程式开始安装
首先检查一下oracle的环境变量是否是你设定的:
echo $ORACLE_BASE echo $ORACLE_HOME echo $PATH
如果不是,重新开启一个终端,应该就可以了。或者执行以下命令:
source ~/.profile
这个命令的作用是使你设的环境变量生效。
cd /home/myubuntu/oracle/database #oracle11g解压路径
进入database文件夹,为runInstaller文件赋予可执行权限
chmod 777 runInstaller
Oracle安装界面乱码解决方法
执行:
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 export LC_ALL=C
以上都完成后,执行 ./runInstaller 运行安装程序
第一步,去掉 I wish to .......
第二步,默认
第三步,选 server class
第四步,默认
第五步,Advanced install
第六步,默认
第七步,默认
第八步,将Oracle Base 选择为要安装的位置 /home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g
第九步,默认
第十步,默认
第十一步,全部改为orcl
第十二步,选择上面的character sets 进入界面后 选择Use Unicode(AL32UTF8),然后选择上面Sample Schemas,进入进面后将选项打钩
第十三步,默认
第十四步,默认
第十五步,默认
第十六步,选择Use the same password for all accounts ,自己设置一个密码(一般用不到)
第十七步,默认
第十八步,选择右上角 Ignore All 忽略,因为我们之前都已经装过了,识别不出来而已
第十九步,点击Finish开始安装
安装到68%时的错
ins_ctx.mk的错误提示,直接contiue跳过去
后面还回报错:
make file ‘/……emagent.mk’出错
解决方法:
另开一个终端,键入命令行:
sudo sed -i 's/^\(\s*\$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)\)\s*$/\1 -lnnz11/g' $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
点击安装界面的retry,就可以继续了
类似的后面还会提示四次,以下面的命令行如法炮制 ,把以下命令执行完。
sudo sed -i 's/^\(\$LD \$LD_RUNTIME\) \(\$LD_OPT\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genorasdksh sudo sed -i 's/^\(\s*\)\(\$(OCRLIBS_DEFAULT)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/srvm/lib/ins_srvm.mk sudo sed -i 's/^\(TNSLSNR_LINKLINE.*\$(TNSLSNR_OFILES)\) \(\$(LINKTTLIBS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib/env_network.mk sudo sed -i 's/^\(ORACLE_LINKLINE.*\$(ORACLE_LINKER)\) \(\$(PL_FLAGS)\)/\1 -Wl,--no-as-needed \2/g' $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk
最后安装完成会提示有两个sh文件需要运行:
还是另开一个终端:
sudo /home/myubuntu/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh sudo /home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
安装完成!
三:测试
1,运行sqlplus
运行sqlplus前测试一下oracle的环境变量:
echo $ORACLE_BASE echo $ORACLE_HOME echo $PATH
如果显示的是你配置的值,可以继续以下步骤。
2.查看数据库的监听状态
这里如果没有输出,说明无监听,需要自己配置 :
lsnrctl status
没有监听的解决办法:
运行 netca 可以创建监听,调出图形界面设置监听
如果没有创建库此时可以dbca 创建数据库.
顺便运行以下代码修复 dbconsole
emca -repos drop
emca -repos create
emca -config dbcontrol db
emca start dbconsole
到此数据库应该就可以跑起来了
如果没有监听,执行一下命令启动监听:
lsnrctl start
3.启动oracle数据库
sqlpus / as sysdba
oracle的启动和停止命令是:
SQL>startup SQL>shutdown
startup时会显示你创建的orcl实例已经正常加载。
4..sqldeveloper连不上oracle的问题:
修改/home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora文件内容为:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 自己的ip地址)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g
改/home/myubuntu/oracle/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora的内容如下:
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 自己的ip地址)(PORT = 1521))
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 自己的ip地址)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
修改完以上文件后,关闭监听并重启监听,数据库不用停止和启动:
lsnrctl stop lsnrctl start
这样你就可以远程连接你的oracle了。
完结。。。。。。。