安装MYSql Windows7下MySQL5.5.20免安装版的配置

MySQL Windows安装包说明：
1、mysql-5.5.20-win32.msi:Windows 安装包，图形化的下一步下一步的安装。
2、mysql-5.5.20.zip，这个是windows源文件，需要编译，对应的Linux源文件是mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
3、mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，这个文件解包后即可使用，是编译好的windows32位Mysql。

1、下载mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，解压到D:\dev，D盘的dev文件夹下就会出现mysql-5.5.20-win32目录，将其重命名为mysql。

2、配置MYSQL的环境变量
新增系统变量MYSQL_HOME： D:\dev\mysql
在PATH变量的最后面添加： ;%MYSQL_HOME%\bin
保存即可。

3、打开文件my-default.ini另存为my.ini，删除my.ini中的所有配置，在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置：(my.ini是保存在与my-default.ini同一个目录下的）(#表示注释）

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
[mysql]
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = D:\dev\mysql
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者\xxx-data
datadir = D:\dev\mysql\data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8

4、注册服务
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令：

mysqld --install mysql5 --defaults-file=d:\dev\mysql\my.ini

（如果此时“出现Install/Remove of the Service Denied!”的错误，说明cmd不是以管理员身份运行）
或着，
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令：

mysqld --install mysql5

删除服务(开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”)：

sc delete mysql5

在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。

5、启动服务(开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”)：

net start mysql5

停止服务：

net stop mysql5

6、服务启动后：
登录MySQL服务器：
命令格式：

mysql -h hostname -u username -p

或

mysql -hhostname -uusername -p

命令说明：mysql命令将调用MySQL监视程序，这是一个可以将我们连接到MySQL服务器端的客户端命令行工具。
选项说明：
-h选项：用于指定所希望连接的主机，即运行MySQL服务器的机器。如果在运行MySQL服务器的机器上运行该命令，则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数；如果不是，必须用运行MySQL服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。
-u命令：用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。
-p命令：用于指定用户输入的密码

此时我本机安装了MYSQL，可忽略该选项和hostname参数：

mysql -uroot -p

注：
MySQL的管理员用户名为root，密码默认为空

修改root密码
MySQL配置好后，启动成功，默认密码是空，但是为了安全，设置密码（MySQL有一个默认用户名为root，密码自己设定：假如设为root）。
1）登录MySQL root用户：
打开命令行，执行：

mysql -uroot -p

2）修改root密码：

mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;

修改该修改密码的语句：update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
为： update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";

详细说明：见最底下的补充说明。

以后再进入MySQL，则为：

mysql -uroot -proot

7、常用命令：

create database new_dbname;--新建数据库
show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename;--使用数据库
select database();--查看已选择的数据库
show tables;--显示当前库的所有表
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..)[ENGINE=engine_name];--创建表
create table tablename select statement;--通过子查询创建表
desc tablename;--查看表结构
show create table tablename;--查看建表语句
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype;--新增列
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype after 列名1;--在列名1后新增列
alter table tablename modify fieldname new_fieldtype;--修改列
alter table tablename drop fieldname;--删除列
alter table tablename_old rename tablename_new;--表重命名
insert into tablename(fieldname1,fieldname2,fieldnamen) valuse(value1,value2,valuen);--增
delete from tablename [where fieldname=value];--删
update tablename set fieldname1=new_value where filename2=value;--改
select * from tablename [where filename=value];--查
truncate table tablename;--清空表中所有数据，DDL语句
show engines;--查看mysql现在已提供的存储引擎:
show variables like '%storage_engine%';--查看mysql当前默认的存储引擎
show create table tablename;--查看某张表用的存储引擎（结果的"ENGINE="部分）
alter table tablename ENGINE=InnoDB--修改引擎
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..) ENGINE=engine_name;--创建表时设置存储引擎

8、例如：
（1）登录MySQL服务器后，查看当前时间，登录的用户以及数据库的版本

mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now() | user() | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20 |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）显示数据库列表

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

（3）新增数据库并查看

mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（4）选择数据库

mysql> use test_db;
Database changed

查看已选择的数据库：

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（5）显示当前数据库的所有数据表

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（6）新建数据表并查看

mysql> create table person(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(20),
-> sex char(1),
-> birth date
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（7）获取表结构

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

或者

mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（8）查询表中的数据

mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（9）插入数据

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth)
-> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

查询表中的数据：

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id | name | sex | birth |
+------+----------+------+------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 |
+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（10）修改字段的类型

mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看字段描述：

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（11）新增一个字段

mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看字段描述：

mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（12）更新字段内容
查看修改前表的内容：

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改：

mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

为了方便下面测试删除数据，在向person表中插入2条数据：

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
| 2 | wangwu | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（13）删除表中的数据
删除表中指定的数据：

mysql> delete from person where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除表中全部的数据：

mysql> delete from person;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（14）重命名表
查看重命名前的表名：

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

重命名：

mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（15）新增主键

mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除主键：

mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（16）删除表

mysql> drop table person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（17）删除数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（18）查看建表语句

mysql> show create table table_name;

补充说明：
update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";修改的不是密码，如果按照这个方式修改了，重新登录时将会报错：

mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> exit
Bye
C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: Y
ES)

请按照以下方式重新修改密码，即可登录成功：

C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

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安装MYSql Windows7下MySQL5.5.20免安装版的配置

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