SIGNAL-SLOT是Qt的一大特色,使用起来十分方便。在传统的AWT和Swing编程中,我们都是为要在
监听的对象上添加Listener监听器。被监听对象中保存有Listener的列表,当相关事件发生时,被监听
对象会通知所有Listener。而在Qt中,我们只需通过connect方法连接两个对象上的方法就可以了,非常
方便、优雅地实现了传统的观察者Observer模式。
Qt是如何办到的呢?对于发出SIGNAL的对象,我们需要在其头文件定义中声明Q_Object宏,之后Qt的
预处理器MOC会为我们自动添加上相应的代码来实现SIGNAL-SLOT机制。这与AspectJ自定义了Javac
编译器很类似,都是通过增强编译器来自动添加相应的代码。
增强编译或增加预处理太复杂,怎样能够简单的实现这种机制呢?首先我们实现一个类似的QObject类,
需要发射SIGNAL的类都要继承它。在QObject类中,我们自动为其子类提供监听器列表,查找SLOT方法,
信号发射等功能。
QObject.java
1.在连接方法中,我们将信号和新建的ReceiverSlot类保存到Map中,从而将它们关联起来。
- public static void connect(QObject sender, String signal, Object receiver, String slot) {
- if (sender.signalSlotMap == null)
- sender.signalSlotMap = new HashMap<String, List<ReceiverSlot>>();
- List<ReceiverSlot> slotList = sender.signalSlotMap.get(signal);
- if (slotList == null) {
- slotList = new LinkedList<ReceiverSlot>();
- sender.signalSlotMap.put(signal, slotList);
- }
- slotList.add(createReceiverSlot(receiver, slot));
- }
- static class ReceiverSlot {
- Object receiver;
- Method slot;
- Object[] args;
- }
2.在创建ReceiverSlot时,我们解析SLOT方法名,如将slot(String,String)解析为方法slot,参数两个String。
如果解析失败我们就认为该SLOT仍是一个信号,也就是SIGNAL-SIGNAL的连接。这种情况下,我们需要
传递调用的不是receiver的SLOT方法,而是emit方法继续发射信号。
- private static ReceiverSlot createReceiverSlot(Object receiver, String slot) {
- ReceiverSlot receiverSlot = new ReceiverSlot();
- receiverSlot.receiver = receiver;
- Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\w+)\\(([\\w+,]*)\\)");
- Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(slot);
- if (matcher.matches() && matcher.groupCount() == 2) {
- // 1.Connect SIGNAL to SLOT
- try {
- String methodName = matcher.group(1);
- String argStr = matcher.group(2);
- ArrayList<String> argList = new ArrayList<String>();
- pattern = Pattern.compile("\\w+");
- matcher = pattern.matcher(argStr);
- while (matcher.find())
- argList.add(matcher.group());
- String[] arguments = argList.toArray(new String[0]);
- receiverSlot.slot = findMethod(receiver, methodName, arguments);
- receiverSlot.args = new Object[0];
- }
- catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- else {
- // 2.Connect SIGNAL to SIGNAL
- if (receiver instanceof QObject) {
- receiverSlot.slot = emitMethod;
- receiverSlot.args = new Object[] { slot };
- }
- }
- return receiverSlot;
- }
- private static Method emitMethod;
- protected Map<String, List<ReceiverSlot>> signalSlotMap;
- static {
- try {
- emitMethod = QObject.class.getDeclaredMethod("emit", String.class, Object[].class);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
3.解析后,如果是SIGNAL-SLOT的连接,那我我们根据方法名和参数找到该方法,准备反射调用。
- private static Method findMethod(Object receiver, String methodName, String[] arguments)
- throws NoSuchMethodException {
- Method slotMethod = null;
- if (arguments.length == 0)
- slotMethod = receiver.getClass().getMethod(methodName, new Class[0]);
- else {
- for (Method method : receiver.getClass().getMethods()) {
- // 1.Check method name
- if (!method.getName().equals(methodName))
- continue;
- // 2.Check parameter number
- Class<?>[] paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
- if (paramTypes.length != arguments.length)
- continue;
- // 3.Check parameter type
- boolean isMatch = true;
- for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
- if (!paramTypes[i].getSimpleName().equals(arguments[i])) {
- isMatch = false;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (isMatch) {
- slotMethod = method;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (slotMethod == null)
- throw new NoSuchMethodException("Cannot find method[" + methodName +
- "] with parameters: " + Arrays.toString(arguments));
- }
- return slotMethod;
- }
4.发射信号时,我们取到所有与该SIGNAL关联的ReceiverSlot类,逐个发射信号。
- protected void emit(String signal, Object... args) {
- System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + " emit signal " + signal);
- if (signalSlotMap == null)
- return;
- List<ReceiverSlot> slotList = signalSlotMap.get(signal);
- if (slotList == null || slotList.isEmpty())
- return;
- for (ReceiverSlot objSlot : slotList) {
- try {
- if (objSlot.slot == emitMethod)
- objSlot.slot.invoke(objSlot.receiver, objSlot.args[0], args);
- else
- objSlot.slot.invoke(objSlot.receiver, args);
- }
- catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
之后,我们实现一个它的子类QWidget,将常用的Swing控件都封装在QWidget的子类中,为这些控件提供
常见的预定义的SIGNAL,像Qt中的clicked和returnPressed。
QWidget.java
- public class QWidget<T extends JComponent> extends QObject implements QSwing<T> {
- protected T widget;
- public QWidget(Class<T> clazz) {
- try {
- widget = clazz.newInstance();
- }
- catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- @Override
- public T getSwingWidget() {
- return this.widget;
- }
- }
以下是封装了JButton和JTextField的QWidget子类。
QPushButton.java
- public class QPushButton extends QWidget<JButton> {
- public static final String CLICKED = "clicked";
- public QPushButton(String text) {
- super(JButton.class);
- widget.setText(text);
- widget.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
- @Override
- public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
- emit(CLICKED);
- }
- });
- }
- }
QLineEdit.java
- public class QLineEdit extends QWidget<JTextField> {
- public static final String RETURN_PRESSED = "returnPressed";
- public QLineEdit() {
- super(JTextField.class);
- widget.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
- @Override
- public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
- emit(RETURN_PRESSED);
- }
- });
- }
- }
下面我们来写个测试类实验下Java版的SIGNAL-SLOT机制,依旧是之前的浏览器的例子。
AddressBar.java
- public class AddressBar extends QWidget<JPanel> {
- /**
- * SIGNAL
- */
- public static final String NEW_BUTTON_CLICKED = "newButtonClicked";
- public static final String GO_TO_ADDRESS = "goToAddress(String,String)";
- /**
- * SLOT
- */
- public static final String HANDLE_GO_TO_ADDRESS = "handleGoToAddress()";
- private QPushButton newButton;
- private QLineEdit addressEdit;
- private QPushButton goButton;
- public AddressBar() {
- super(JPanel.class);
- // 1.Create widget
- newButton = new QPushButton("New");
- addressEdit = new QLineEdit();
- goButton = new QPushButton("Go");
- // 2.Set property
- addressEdit.getSwingWidget().setColumns(10);
- // 3.Connect signal-slot
- connect(newButton, QPushButton.CLICKED, this, NEW_BUTTON_CLICKED);
- connect(addressEdit, QLineEdit.RETURN_PRESSED, this, HANDLE_GO_TO_ADDRESS);
- connect(goButton, QPushButton.CLICKED, this, HANDLE_GO_TO_ADDRESS);
- // 4.Add to layout
- getSwingWidget().add(newButton.getSwingWidget());
- getSwingWidget().add(addressEdit.getSwingWidget());
- getSwingWidget().add(goButton.getSwingWidget());
- }
- public void handleGoToAddress() {
- emit(GO_TO_ADDRESS, addressEdit.getSwingWidget().getText(), "test string");
- }
- }
TabBar.java
- public class TabBar extends JTabbedPane {
- /**
- * SLOT
- */
- public static final String HANDLE_NEW_TAB = "handleNewTab()";
- public static final String HANDLE_GO_TO_SITE = "goToSite(String,String)";
- public TabBar() {
- handleNewTab();
- }
- public void handleNewTab() {
- WebView tab = new WebView();
- add("blank", tab);
- }
- public void goToSite(String url, String testStr) {
- System.out.println("Receive url: " + url + ", " + testStr);
- WebView tab = (WebView) getSelectedComponent();
- tab.load(url);
- }
- }
MainWindow.java
- public class MainWindow extends JFrame {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- JFrame window = new MainWindow();
- window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
- window.setSize(320, 340);
- window.setVisible(true);
- }
- public MainWindow() {
- // 1.Create widget
- AddressBar addressBar = new AddressBar();
- TabBar tabBar = new TabBar();
- // 2.Set property
- // 3.Connect signal-slot
- QObject.connect(addressBar, AddressBar.NEW_BUTTON_CLICKED, tabBar, TabBar.HANDLE_NEW_TAB);
- QObject.connect(addressBar, AddressBar.GO_TO_ADDRESS, tabBar, TabBar.HANDLE_GO_TO_SITE);
- // 4.Add to layout
- GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();
- setLayout(layout);
- GridBagConstraints grid = new GridBagConstraints();
- grid.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
- grid.gridx = grid.gridy = 0;
- grid.weightx = 1.0;
- grid.weighty = 0.1;
- add(addressBar.getSwingWidget(), grid);
- grid.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
- grid.gridx = 0;
- grid.gridy = 1;
- grid.weightx = 1.0;
- grid.weighty = 0.9;
- add(tabBar, grid);
- }
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("serial")
- class WebView extends JEditorPane {
- public WebView() {
- setEditable(false);
- }
- public void load(final String url) {
- SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- WebView.this.setPage(url);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
测试一下吧,运行起来的效果就是这样。
新建Tab页和前往该地址事件都可以成功地从AddressBar传递到TabBar。怎么样,这种Java版的
SIGNAL-SLOT是不是很方便。多开拓自己的视野,借鉴优秀的思想,我们才能做出更好的设计!
希望你喜欢本文。
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/dc_726/article/details/7632430