ContextLoaderListener - 运行原理

时间:2022-06-19 08:19:24

基本概念:

servletContext:http://blog.csdn.net/yjw757174266/article/details/45072975

1、  使用ContextLoaderListener监听器的意义:

a) 为了在servlet容器启动时,就加载applicationContext.xml(spring核心配置文件)配置文件,实例化其中配置的bean类。

b)避免在使用spring容器获取bean时,重复加载配置文件。

2、  spring版本:4.2.4

3、  配置方式:

a)在web.xml文件中编写监听器,并配置全局的上下文变量,提供spring核心配置文件,代码如下:

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

</context-param>

b) 如果配置了监听器,那么获取bean的方式就要相应的改变一下,代码如下:

1、ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();

2、WebApplicationContext context = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

3、XXXService cs = (XXXService) context.getBean("XXXService");

4、cs.save();

c)我们先不管为什么WebApplicationContext对象与ApplicationContext对象一样能获取bean对象,我们此处探究的是,为什么配置了监听器,我们就能从servletcontext中取得WebApplicationContext对象。

4、  源码分析:

a)首先进入org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener 源码:代码如下:

//: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.java

package org.springframework.web.context;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {

public ContextLoaderListener() {

}

public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {

super(context);

}

@Override

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {

initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());

}

@Override

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {

closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());

ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());

}

}

b)我们可以看到此处继承了 ServletContextListener 接口,实现两个方法(contextInitialized、contextDestroyed),在servlet容器启动和销毁的时候做一些事情。

c) 在ContextLoaderListener监听器这个场景下,contextInitialized方法中会调用ContextLoader 类中的initWebApplicationContext方法,实例化出一个WebApplicationContext对象,此方法接收一个servletContext对象,此对象由Servlet容器传入。

5、  然后我们转到initWebApplicationContext方法中:代码如下:

//: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.java

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {

if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {

throw new IllegalStateException(

"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +

"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");

}

Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);

servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");

if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");

}

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

try {

// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that

// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.

if (this.context == null) {

this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

}

if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {

ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;

if (!cwac.isActive()) {

// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as

// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc

if (cwac.getParent() == null) {

// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->

// determine parent for root web application context, if any.

ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);

cwac.setParent(parent);

}

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);

}

}

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();

if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {

currentContext = this.context;

}

else if (ccl != null) {

currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);

}

if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +

WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");

}

if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {

long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;

logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");

}

return this.context;

}

catch (RuntimeException ex) {

logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);

throw ex;

}

catch (Error err) {

logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);

servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);

throw err;

}

}

 

a)  this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);首先我们看这句代码,同样我们先不谈就它是怎么创建的,我们见名知意,就是根据servletContext参数,创建一个WebApplicationContext对象,并赋值给ContextLoader类中的内部变量 context。

b) servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context); 紧接着将已经赋值的context变量,通过一个的标识名称放入servletContext对象中。

c) 看到这里,我想大家都知道为什么可以从ServletContex中取出WebApplicationContext对象了吧?

6、  接着我们分析在客户端获取WebApplicationContext对象的代码,再copy一份到这里:

1、ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();

2、WebApplicationContext context = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

3、XXXService cs = (XXXService) context.getBean("XXXService");

4、cs.save();

a) 首先,我们从struts2框架提供的类中,获取servletContext对象。

b) 之后通过WebApplicationContextUtil类中的getWebApplicationContext方法,从servletContext对象中,将WebApplicationContext对象取出:我们进入方法:

public static WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {

return getWebApplicationContext(sc, WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);  // 此处标识与存入时的一致

}

c) 进而转入如下方法:

public static WebApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc, String attrName) {

Assert.notNull(sc, "ServletContext must not be null");

Object attr = sc.getAttribute(attrName);

if (attr == null) {

return null;

}

if (attr instanceof RuntimeException) {

throw (RuntimeException) attr;

}

if (attr instanceof Error) {

throw (Error) attr;

}

if (attr instanceof Exception) {

throw new IllegalStateException((Exception) attr);

}

if (!(attr instanceof WebApplicationContext)) {

throw new IllegalStateException("Context attribute is not of type WebApplicationContext: " + attr);

}

return (WebApplicationContext) attr;

}

d) 我们根据上面的两句代码: Object attr = sc.getAttribute(attrName);  / return (WebApplicationContext) attr; 不难看出,将WebApplicationContext对象,从servletcontext对象中取出,强制转换并返回。

7、至此

a) 我们就取得了WebApplicationContext对象,并可以使用该对象来获取bean。而WebApplicationContext对象存放在servletcontext对象中,而servletcontext对象会一直存在于内存中,除非关闭servlet容器。这样就保证了只存在一份WebApplicationContext对象在内存中,同时也就保证了spring核心配置文件只会被加载一次。