How do I recursively view a list of files that has one string and specifically doesn't have another string? Also, I mean to evaluate the text of the files, not the filenames.
如何递归查看具有一个字符串且特别是没有其他字符串的文件列表？另外，我的意思是评估文件的文本，而不是文件名。
Conclusion:
结论：
As per comments, I ended up using:
根据评论，我最终使用：
find . -name "*.html" -exec grep -lR 'base\-maps' {} \; | xargs grep -L 'base\-maps\-bot'
This returned files with "base-maps" and not "base-maps-bot". Thank you!!
这返回的文件包含“base-maps”而不是“base-maps-bot”。谢谢！！
4 个解决方案
#1
40
Try this:
尝试这个：
grep -rl <string-to-match> | xargs grep -L <string-not-to-match>
Explanation: grep -lr makes grep recursively (r) output a list (l) of all files that contain <string-to-match>. xargs loops over these files, calling grep -L on each one of them. grep -L will only output the filename when the file does not contain <string-not-to-match>.
说明：grep -lr以递归方式使grep（r）输出包含
#2
3
The use of xargs in the answers above is not necessary; you can achieve the same thing like this:
不需要在上面的答案中使用xargs;你可以做到这样的事情：
find . -type f -exec grep -q <string-to-match> {} \; -not -exec grep -q <string-not-to-match> {} \; -print
grep -q means run quietly but return an exit code indicating whether a match was found; find can then use that exit code to determine whether to keep executing the rest of its options. If -exec grep -q <string-to-match> {} \; returns 0, then it will go on to execute -not -exec grep -q <string-not-to-match>{} \;. If that also returns 0, it will go on to execute -print, which prints the name of the file.
grep -q表示安静地运行，但返回一个退出代码，指示是否找到了匹配项;然后，find可以使用该退出代码来确定是否继续执行其余选项。如果-exec grep -q
As another answer has noted, using find in this way has major advantages over grep -Rl where you only want to search files of a certain type. If, on the other hand, you really want to search all files, grep -Rl is probably quicker, as it uses one grep process to perform the first filter for all files, instead of a separate grep process for each file.
正如另一个答案所指出的那样，以这种方式使用find比grep-R1更有优势，你只想搜索某种类型的文件。另一方面，如果你真的想要搜索所有文件，那么grep -Rl可能更快，因为它使用一个grep进程来为所有文件执行第一个过滤器，而不是为每个文件执行单独的grep过程。
#3
1
These answers seem off as the match BOTH strings. The following command should work better:
这些答案似乎是匹配BOTH字符串。以下命令应该更好：
grep -l <string-to-match> * | xargs grep -c <string-not-to-match> | grep '\:0'
#4
1
Here is a more generic construction:
这是一个更通用的结构：
find . -name <nameFilter> -print0 | xargs -0 grep -Z -l <patternYes> | xargs -0 grep -L <patternNo>
This command outputs files whose name matches <nameFilter> (adjust find predicates as you need) which contain <patternYes>, but do not contain <patternNo>.
此命令输出名称与
The enhancements are:
增强功能包括：
- It works with filenames containing whitespace.
- 它适用于包含空格的文件名。
- It lets you filter files by name.
- 它允许您按名称过滤文件。
If you don't need to filter by name (one often wants to consider all the files in current directory), you can strip find and add -R to the first grep:
如果您不需要按名称进行过滤（通常需要考虑当前目录中的所有文件），则可以剥离查找并将-R添加到第一个grep：
grep -R -Z -l <patternYes> | xargs -0 grep -L <patternNo>
#1
40
Try this:
尝试这个：
grep -rl <string-to-match> | xargs grep -L <string-not-to-match>
Explanation: grep -lr makes grep recursively (r) output a list (l) of all files that contain <string-to-match>. xargs loops over these files, calling grep -L on each one of them. grep -L will only output the filename when the file does not contain <string-not-to-match>.
说明：grep -lr以递归方式使grep（r）输出包含
#2
3
The use of xargs in the answers above is not necessary; you can achieve the same thing like this:
不需要在上面的答案中使用xargs;你可以做到这样的事情：
find . -type f -exec grep -q <string-to-match> {} \; -not -exec grep -q <string-not-to-match> {} \; -print
grep -q means run quietly but return an exit code indicating whether a match was found; find can then use that exit code to determine whether to keep executing the rest of its options. If -exec grep -q <string-to-match> {} \; returns 0, then it will go on to execute -not -exec grep -q <string-not-to-match>{} \;. If that also returns 0, it will go on to execute -print, which prints the name of the file.
grep -q表示安静地运行，但返回一个退出代码，指示是否找到了匹配项;然后，find可以使用该退出代码来确定是否继续执行其余选项。如果-exec grep -q
As another answer has noted, using find in this way has major advantages over grep -Rl where you only want to search files of a certain type. If, on the other hand, you really want to search all files, grep -Rl is probably quicker, as it uses one grep process to perform the first filter for all files, instead of a separate grep process for each file.
正如另一个答案所指出的那样，以这种方式使用find比grep-R1更有优势，你只想搜索某种类型的文件。另一方面，如果你真的想要搜索所有文件，那么grep -Rl可能更快，因为它使用一个grep进程来为所有文件执行第一个过滤器，而不是为每个文件执行单独的grep过程。
#3
1
These answers seem off as the match BOTH strings. The following command should work better:
这些答案似乎是匹配BOTH字符串。以下命令应该更好：
grep -l <string-to-match> * | xargs grep -c <string-not-to-match> | grep '\:0'
#4
1
Here is a more generic construction:
这是一个更通用的结构：
find . -name <nameFilter> -print0 | xargs -0 grep -Z -l <patternYes> | xargs -0 grep -L <patternNo>
This command outputs files whose name matches <nameFilter> (adjust find predicates as you need) which contain <patternYes>, but do not contain <patternNo>.
此命令输出名称与
The enhancements are:
增强功能包括：
- It works with filenames containing whitespace.
- 它适用于包含空格的文件名。
- It lets you filter files by name.
- 它允许您按名称过滤文件。
If you don't need to filter by name (one often wants to consider all the files in current directory), you can strip find and add -R to the first grep:
如果您不需要按名称进行过滤（通常需要考虑当前目录中的所有文件），则可以剥离查找并将-R添加到第一个grep：
grep -R -Z -l <patternYes> | xargs -0 grep -L <patternNo>