项目要求
详见贺老师博文:《C++语言基础》实践参考——摩托车继承自行车和机动车
代码如下
#include <iostream> #include<conio.h> #include <windows.h> using namespace std; enum vehicleStaus {rest, running}; //车辆状态:泊车、行进 class vehicle //车辆类 { protected: int maxSpeed; //最大车速 int currentSpeed; //当前速度 int weight; //车重 vehicleStaus status; //rest-泊车状态;running-行进状态 public: vehicle(int maxS, int w); //构造函数,初始时,当前速度总为0且处在停车状态 void start(); //由rest状态到running, 初速为1 void stop(); //由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时,才允许停车 void speed_up(); //加速,调用1次,速度加1 void slow_down(); //减速,调用1次,速度减1,速度为0时,停车 }; vehicle:: vehicle(int maxS, int w):status(rest)//构造函数,初始时,当前速度总为0且处在停车状态 { maxSpeed=maxS; weight=w; currentSpeed=0; } void vehicle::start() //由rest状态到running, 初速为1 { if (status==rest) { status=running; currentSpeed=1; } else cout<<"车辆已在行驶!"<<endl; } void vehicle::stop()//由running状态到rest, 当前速度小于5时,才允许停车 { if (status==running) { if (currentSpeed>=5) cout<<"车速太快!先减速再停车!"<<endl; else { status=rest; currentSpeed=0; } } else cout<<"车辆已经停稳!"<<endl; } void vehicle::speed_up() //加速,调用1次,速度加1 { if (status==running) { if (currentSpeed<=maxSpeed) ++currentSpeed; else cout<<"车速已达最大,请不要超速行驶!"<<endl; } else cout<<"请先启动车辆再加速!"<<endl; } void vehicle::slow_down() //减速,调用1次,速度减1,速度为0时,停车 { if (status==running) { --currentSpeed; if (currentSpeed==0) status=rest; } else cout<<"请先启动车辆再减速!"<<endl; } class bicycle :virtual public vehicle//(1)自行车类的虚基类为车辆类 { protected: double height; //车高 public: bicycle(int maxS=10, int w=50, int h=0.7); //定义构造函数 }; bicycle::bicycle(int maxS, int w, int h):vehicle(maxS,w),height(h) {} class motorcar : virtual public vehicle//(2)机动车类的虚基类也为车辆类 { protected: int seatNum; //座位数 int passengerNum; //乘客人数 public: motorcar(int maxS=150, int w=1500, int s=5, int p=1); //定义构造函数 void addPassenger(int p=1); //增加搭载的乘客,超员要拒载,有人下车时,p为负数。当然车上乘客至少有1个(司机)。只有车停稳后才能上下客。 }; motorcar::motorcar(int maxS, int w, int s,int p):vehicle(maxS,w),seatNum(s),passengerNum(p) {}; void motorcar::addPassenger(int p) { if (status==running) cout<<"车辆行驶中,停稳后再上下车!"<<endl; else { passengerNum+=p; if (passengerNum>seatNum) { cout<<"涉嫌超员,清理后达到满员!"<<endl; passengerNum=seatNum; } } } class motorcycle: public bicycle,public motorcar //(3)摩托车类的基类为自行车类和机动车类 { public: motorcycle(int maxS=90, int w=100, int s=3, int p=1, int h=0.7);//定义构造函数 void show(); //显示摩托车的运行状态 }; motorcycle::motorcycle(int maxS, int w, int s,int p,int h):vehicle(maxS,w),bicycle(maxS,w,h),motorcar(maxS,w,s,p) {}; void motorcycle::show() { cout<<"状态:"; if ( status==rest) cout<<"泊车\t"; else cout<<"行进\t"; cout<<"车速:"<<currentSpeed<<" / "<< maxSpeed <<"\t当前乘员:"<<passengerNum<<" / "<< seatNum << endl; } int main( ) { motorcycle m; bool end=false; while (!end) { cout<<"请操作:1-启动 2-加速 3-减速 4-有人上车 5-有人下车 6-停车 0-结束"<<endl; char keydown= _getch(); //_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符 switch(keydown) { case '1': cout<<"选中的操作是1-启动\t"; m.start(); break; case '2': cout<<"选中的操作是2-加速\t"; m.speed_up(); break; case '3': cout<<"选中的操作是3-减速\t"; m.slow_down(); break; case '4': cout<<"选中的操作是4-有人上车\t"; m.addPassenger(); break; case '5': cout<<"选中的操作是5-有人下车\t"; m.addPassenger(-1); break; case '6': cout<<"选中的操作是6-停车\t"; m.stop(); break; case '0': end=true; break; } m.show(); cout<<endl; Sleep(200); //要包含头文件<windows.h> } return 0; }
运行结果
启动+启动(已启动)+加速+停车(车速>=5):
减速+停车+上车:
下车+加速(未启动)+减速(未启动)+结束:
学习心得
1.class bicycle :virtual public vehicle :若不加virtual则无法在motorcycle::show()中判断status等
2.Sleep(200); //要包含头文件<windows.h> :看起来很实用
3.char keydown= _getch(); //_getch()返回键盘上读取的字符 :也很实用,换成了int keydown;cin>>keydown;则无法执行switch中的语句
4.编写代码时时刻记住先判断status的值