51单片机C语言学习笔记4:keil C51绝对地址访问

时间:2022-12-24 07:55:36

在利用keil进行8051单片机编程的时,常常需要进行绝对地址进行访问.特别是对硬件操作,如DA AD 采样 ,LCD 液晶操作,打印操作.等等.
C51提供了三种访问绝对地址的方法: 
1. 绝对宏: 
    在程序中,用“#include<absacc.h>”即可使用其中定义的宏来访问绝对地址,包括: 
CBYTE、XBYTE、PWORD、DBYTE、CWORD、XWORD、PBYTE、DWORD 
具体使用可看一看absacc.h便知

例如:

#include<absacc.h>

#define ADstart  XBYTE[0x8000]        //总线方式访问AD

#define ADL     XBYTE[0x8000]

#define ADH     XBYTE[0x8001]

rval=CBYTE[0x0002];指向程序存贮器的0002h地址 
rval=XWORD [0x0002];指向外RAM的0004h地址

2. _at_关键字 
直接在数据定义后加上_at_ const即可,但是注意: 
(1)绝对变量不能被初使化; 
(2)bit型函数及变量不能用_at_指定。

例如:

idata struct link list _at_ 0x40;指定list结构从40h开始。 
xdata char text[25b] _at_0xE000;指定text数组从0E000H开始 
提示:如果外部绝对变量是I/O端口等可自行变化数据,需要使用volatile关键字进行描述,请参考absacc.h。

3. 连接定位控制 
    此法是利用连接控制指令code xdata pdata \data bdata对“段”地址进行,如要指定某具体变量地址,则很有局限性,不作详细讨论。

附:(c51)

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ABSACC.H

Direct access to 8051, extended 8051 and Philips 80C51MX memory areas. 
Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc. 
All rights reserved. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __ABSACC_H__ 
#define __ABSACC_H__

#define CBYTE ((unsigned char volatile code *) 0) 
#define DBYTE ((unsigned char volatile data *) 0) 
#define PBYTE ((unsigned char volatile pdata *) 0) 
#define XBYTE ((unsigned char volatile xdata *) 0)

#define CWORD ((unsigned int volatile code *) 0) 
#define DWORD ((unsigned int volatile data *) 0) 
#define PWORD ((unsigned int volatile pdata *) 0) 
#define XWORD ((unsigned int volatile xdata *) 0)

#ifdef __CX51__ 
#define FVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile far *) (addr))) 
#define FARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile far *) (base)) 
#define FCVAR(object, addr) (*((object const far *) (addr))) 
#define FCARRAY(object, base) ((object const far *) (base)) 
#else 
#define FVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile far *) ((addr)+0x10000L))) 
#define FCVAR(object, addr) (*((object const far *) ((addr)+0x810000L))) 
#define FARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile far *) ((base)+0x10000L)) 
#define FCARRAY(object, base) ((object const far *) ((base)+0x810000L)) 
#endif

#endif

附:(c166)

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
ABSACC.H

Direct access to 166 memory areas for C166/EC++ Version 5. 
Copyright (c) 1992-2004 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc. 
All rights reserved. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __ABSACC_H__ 
#define __ABSACC_H__

#if (__MODEL__ == 0) 
#define MVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile *) (addr))) 
#define MARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile *) (base)) 
#else 
#define MVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile far *) (addr))) 
#define MARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile far *) (base))

#define HVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile huge *) (addr))) 
#define HARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile huge *) (base)) 
#define XVAR(object, addr) (*((object volatile xhuge *) (addr))) 
#define XARRAY(object, base) ((object volatile xhuge *) (base)) 
#endif

#endif

转载自:

http://www.dz863.com/Microprocessors/MCS-8051/keil-C51-CBYTE.htm

参考资料:

1)Cx51 User's Guide: XBYTE

http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/c51/c51_xbyte.htm