OracleASM是个封装的磁盘管理工具，所以我们需要对ASM 有充分的认识，否则ASM 出现问题就会非常棘手，KFED 和KFOD 两个命令可以帮助我们了解ASM。
一. KFED（Kernel Files Editor） 说明
KFED是ORACLE 10gR2 自带的一个工具，但是和BBED 命令一样，需要编译过以后才能使用。
1.1 编译KFED
[oracle@rac2 lib]$cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[oracle@rac2 lib]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib
[oracle@rac2 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ikfed
Linking KFED utility (kfed)
rm -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed
gcc -o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/-L/usr/lib -lirc /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskfeded.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/skfedpt.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10-lclntsh `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-ldl -lm -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
mv -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfedO
mv: cannot stat`/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed': No such file or directory
make: [ikfed] Error 1 (ignored)
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
chmod 751/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
[oracle@rac2 lib]$
--查看KFED 位置
[oracle@rac2 lib]$ which kfed
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
1.2 KFED 命令使用
--查看KFED 帮助
[oracle@rac2 lib]$ kfed -h
as/mlib ASM Library [asmlib='lib']
aun/um AU number to examine or update[AUNUM=number]
aus/z Allocation Unit size in bytes[AUSZ=number]
blkn/um Block number to examine or update[BLKNUM=number]
blks/z Metadata block size in bytes[BLKSZ=number]
ch/ksum Update checksum before each write[CHKSUM=YES/NO]
cn/t Count of AUs to process[CNT=number]
d/ev ASM device to examine or update[DEV=string]
o/p KFED operation type [OP=READ/WRITE/MERGE/NEW/FORM/FIND/STRUCT]
p/rovnm Name for provisioning purposes[PROVNM=string]
s/eek AU number to seek to [SEEK=number]
te/xt File name for translated block text[TEXT=string]
ty/pe ASM metadata block type number[TYPE=number]
--查看ASM磁盘组的情况
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select group_number,disk_number,mount_status,header_status,state,name,path fromv$asm_disk;
group_number disk_number mount_sheader_statu state name path
------------ ----------- ------------------- -------- ---------- --------------------
1 0OPENED UNKNOWN NORMAL DATA /dev/mapper/datap1
2 0OPENED UNKNOWN NORMAL FRA_0000 /dev/mapper/frap1
SYS@anqing2(rac2)> selectdg.group_number "g.no",dg.name,d.disk_number,d.mount_status,
2 d.header_status,dg.type,d.name,d.path from v$asm_disk d,v$asm_diskgroupdg
3 where dg.group_number=d.group_number;
g.no NAME DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_S HEADER_STATUTYPE NAME PATH
---------- --------------------- ------- ------------ ------ ---------- ---------------------------
1 DATA 0 OPENED UNKNOWN EXTERN DATA /dev/mapper/datap1
2 FRA 0 OPENED UNKNOWN EXTERN FRA_0000 /dev/mapper/frap1
--从系统层面上查看
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
DATA
FRA
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ ls -lrt /dev/oracleasm/disks/*
brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 49 Aug 7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/FRA
brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 65 Aug 7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA
--使用KFED查看ASM磁盘组
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1 text=datap1.txt
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ ls
datap1.txt Desktop oradiag_oracle
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ cat datap1.txt
...
kfed 命令可以加text或者不加，如果使用text 参数，那么kfed 读取的内容会保存到text 指定的文档，如果不使用就直接输入到屏幕。
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002:KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 1508168608 ; 0x00c:0x59e4d3a0
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISKDATA ; 0x000: length=12
-->磁盘卷名
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 1096040772 ; 0x008: 0x41544144
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026:KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
--> This indicatesRedundancy for Group.Check TYPE in query output.
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027:KFDHDR_MEMBER
--> This indicatesDisk Header status. Here it indicates it is member of Group.
kfdhdb.dskname: DATA ; 0x028: length=4
--> This indicatesDisk Name
kfdhdb.grpname: DATA ; 0x048: length=4
--> This indicates theGroup Name for the disk.
kfdhdb.fgname: DATA ; 0x068: length=4
--> This indicates theFailure Group Name.
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32952076 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 3374491648 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0MSEC=0xaa SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32955120 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 3440417792 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x27 SECS=0x11 MINS=0x33
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 11993 ; 0x0c4: 0x00002ed9
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32952076 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 3374396416 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x4d SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
1.3 ASM 磁盘里的一些名词解释
（1）kfbh.endian
kf3.h /*endianness of writer */
Littleendian = 1
Bigendian = 0
（2） kfbh.hard
kf3.h /*H.A.R.D. magic # and block size */
（3） kfbh.type
kf3.h /*metadata blocktype */
（4） kfbh.datfmt
kf3.h /*metadata block data format */
（5） kfbh.block
kf3.h /* blocklocation of thisblock */
blk -- Diskheader should have T=0 and NUMB=0x0
obj -- Diskheader should have TYPE=0x8 NUMB=<disknumber>
blk and obj values arederived from a series of macros in kf3.h. See
"KFBL Macros"in kf3.h for more information.
（6） kfbh.check
kf3.h /* checkvalue to verify consistency */
（7） kfbh.fcn
kf3.h /*change number of last change */-
（8） kfdhdb.driver
kf3.h /*OSMLIB driver reserved block */
If nodriver is defined "ORCLDISK" is used.
（9） kfdhdb.compat
kf3.h /*Comaptible software version */
example:0x0a100000
Youget:
a=101=1 so 10.1.0.0.0
（10） kfdhdb.dsknum
kf3.h /* OSMdisknumber *
This is thedisk number. The first disk being "0". There can be up to
ub2 disks ina diskgroup. This allows for 65336 disks 0 through 65335.
（11） kfdhdb.grptyp
kf3.h /* Diskgrouptype */
（12） kfdhdb.hdrsts
kf3.h /* Diskheaderstatus */
This is whatis used to determine if a disk is available or not to
thediskgroup. 0x03 is the correct value for a valid status.
（13）kfdhdb.dskname /*OSMdisk name */
（14）kfdhdb.grpname /*OSM disk group name */
（15）kfdhdb.fgname /*Failure group name */
（16）kfdhdb.capname /*Capacity grp, unused*/
（17）kfdhdb.crestmp /*Creationtimestamp */
（18）kfdhdb.mntstmp /*Mounttimestamp */
kf3.hTo derive the hi and low time`from an unformated dump use the
"KFTS Macros" inkf3.h.
（19） kfdhdb.secsize
kf3.h /* Disksector size (bytes) */
This is thephysical sector size of the disk in bytes. All I/O's to the
disk aredescribed in physical sectors. This must be a power of 2. An
ideal valuewould be 4096, but most disks are formatted with 512 byte
sectors.(from asmlib.h)
（20） kfdhdb.blksize
kf3.h /*Metadata block (bytes) */
（21） kfdhdb.ausize
kf3.h /*Allocation Unit (bytes) */
（22） kfdhdb.mfact
kf3.h /*Stride between phys addr AUs */
（23） kfdhdb.dsksize
kf3.h /* Disksize inAUs */
Mulitply byAUs to get actual size of disk when added.
（24） kfdhdb.pmcnt
kf3.h /*Permanent phys addressed AUs */
Number ofphysically addressed allocation units.
（25） kfdhdb.fstlocn
kf3.h /* FirstFreeSpace table blk num */
Used to findfreespace.
（26） kfdhdb.altlocn
kf3.h /* FirstAlocation table blk num */
Used to findalocated space.
（27） kfdhdb.f1b1locn
kf3.h /* FileDirectory blk 1 AU num */
Beginging forfile directory.
1.4 一个损坏了的disk的KFED 结果
kfbh.endian: 83 ; 0×000: 0×53
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0×001: 0×00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0×002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0×003: 0×00
kfbh.block.blk: 4294967293 ; 0×004: T=1 NUMB=0x7ffffffd
kfbh.block.obj: 65286 ; 0×008: TYPE=0×0 NUMB=0xff06
kfbh.check: 144 ; 0x00c: 0×00000090
kfbh.fcn.base: 136903976 ; 0×010: 0x0828fd28
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 4294953840 ; 0×014: 0xffffcb70
kfbh.spare1: 136905029 ; 0×018: 0×08290145
kfbh.spare2: 30000 ; 0x01c: 0×00007530
二.KFOD ( OSM Discovery utility )说明
这里的OSM是：Order and Service Management，KFOD 命令可以在系统级别对来查找ASM。也可以用来监控ASM.
2.1 KFOD的帮助
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod -h
_asm_a/llow_only_raw_disks KFOD allow only raw devices[_asm_allow_only_raw_disks=TRUE/(FALSE)]
_asm_l/ibraries ASMLibraries[_asm_libraries='lib1','lib2',...]
_asms/id ASM Instance[_asmsid=sid]
a/sm_diskstring ASM Diskstring[asm_diskstring='discoverystring', 'discoverystring' ...]
d/isks Disks to discover [disks=raw,asm,all]
g/roup Group discover [group=controlfile]
n/ohdr KFOD header suppression[nohdr=TRUE/(FALSE)]
o/p KFOD options type[OP=DISKS/GROUPS/ALL]
p/file ASM parameter file[pfile='parameterfile']
s/tatus Include disk header status[status=TRUE/(FALSE)]
v/erbose KFOD verbose errors[verbose=TRUE/(FALSE)]
2.2 KFOD 示例
[oracle@rac2 ~]$kfod
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
================================================================================
+ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
+ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod disk=all
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Path
================================================================================
1: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw1
2: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw2
3: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3
4: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4
5: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw5
6: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw6
7: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw7
8: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
================================================================================
+ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
+ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod op=disks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Path
================================================================================
1: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3
2: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4
3: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8
这篇就简单的介绍一下这2个命令， 在下篇ASM disk header 的备份与恢复中在详细的看一下这2个命令的使用。
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