使用Ruby on Rails基于间隔发送电子邮件

I would like to be able to send a string of emails at a determined interval to different recipients.

我希望能够以确定的间隔向不同的收件人发送一串电子邮件。

I assign to each Contact this series of Emails called a Campaign, where Campaign has Email1, Email2, etc. Each Contact has a Contact.start_date. Each Email has email.days which stores the number of days since a Contact's start-date to send the email.

我为每个联系人分配了一系列名为Campaign的电子邮件，其中Campaign包含Email1，Email2等。每个联系人都有一个Contact.start_date。每封电子邮件都有email.days，其中存储了联系人发送电子邮件的开始日期以来的天数。

For example: Email1.days=5, Email2.days=7, Email3.days=11.

例如：Email1.days = 5，Email2.days = 7，Email3.days = 11。

Contact1.start_date = 4/10/2010; contact2.start_date = 4/08/2010

IF today is 4/15, then Contact1 receives Email 1 (4/15-4/10 = 5 days) IF today is 4/15, then Contact2 received Email 2 (4/15 - 4/8 = 7 days).

如果今天是4/15，那么Contact1收到电子邮件1（4 / 15-4 / 10 = 5天）如果今天是4/15，那么Contact2收到电子邮件2（4/15 - 4/8 = 7天）。

What's a good action to run every day using a cron job that would then follow these rules to send out emails using ActionMailer?

使用cron作业每天运行的好动作是什么，然后遵循这些规则使用ActionMailer发送电子邮件？

NOTE: The question isn't about using ActionMailer. It is about doing the "math" as well as the execution. Which email to send to whom? I am guessing it has to do with some version of Date - Contact[x].start_date and then compare against email[x].days but I'm not exactly clear how. Thanks.

注意：问题不在于使用ActionMailer。它是关于做“数学”以及执行。哪个电子邮件发送给谁？我猜这与日期的某些版本有关 - 联系[x] .start_date，然后与电子邮件[x] .days进行比较，但我不清楚如何。谢谢。

I'd like guidance on whether to use date.today versus time.now as well.

我想指导是否使用date.today与time.now。

Note: the intent is that an individual person may need to schedule individual follow-up on a consistent basis. Rather than having to remember when to follow up which email with whom, it would just follow a pre-determined campaign and send for that person.

注意：目的是个人可能需要在一致的基础上安排个人跟进。它不是必须记住何时跟进哪个电子邮件，而是跟随预先确定的广告系列并发送给该人。

So it's not a "bulk mail" -- it's really automating the follow-up for individual correspondence.

因此，它不是“批量邮件” - 它实际上是对个人通信的后续自动化。

5 个解决方案

#1

I would use DelayedJob for this ( assuming you are not sending large number of emails emails a day, i.e. 100's of thousands per day etc.)

我会使用DelayedJob（假设你不是每天发送大量的电子邮件，即每天100个，等等）

class Email < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :campaign
  after_create :schedule_email_dispatch

  def schedule_email_dispatch
    send_at(campaign.created_at + self.days.days, :send_email)
  end

  def send_email
  end
end

Run the workers using the rake task:

使用rake任务运行worker：

rake jobs:work

Every time a new Email object is created a delayed job item is added to the queue. At the correct interval the email will be sent by the worker.

每次创建新的电子邮件对象时，都会将延迟的作业项添加到队列中。在正确的时间间隔，电子邮件将由工作人员发送。

@campaign = Compaign.new(...)
@campaign.emails.build(:days => 1)
@campaign.emails.build(:days => 2)
@campaign.save # now the delay

In the example above, two delayed job entries will be created after saving the campaign. They are executed 1 and 2 days after the creation date of the campaign.

在上面的示例中，保存广告系列后将创建两个延迟的作业条目。它们在广告系列创建日期后的1天和2天执行。

This solution ensures emails are sent approximately around the expected schedule times. In a cron job based solution, disptaching happens at the cron intervals. There can be several hours delay between the intended dispatch time and the actual dispatch time.

此解决方案可确保大约在预期的计划时间内发送电子邮件。在基于cron作业的解决方案中，调度以cron间隔发生。预定的调度时间和实际的调度时间之间可能有几个小时的延迟。

If you want to use the cron approach do the following:

如果要使用cron方法，请执行以下操作：

class Email < ActiveRecord::Base
  def self.dispatch_emails
    # find the emails due for dispatch
    Email.all(:conditions => ["created_at <= DATE_SUB(?, INTERVAL days DAY)", 
             Time.now]).each do |email|
      email.send_email
    end
  end
end

In this solution, most of the processing is done by the DB.

在该解决方案中，大多数处理由DB完成。

Add email.rake file in lib/tasks directory:

在lib / tasks目录中添加email.rake文件：

task :dispatch_emails => :environment do
  Email.dispatch_emails
end

Configure the cron to execute rake dispatch_emails at regular intervals( in your case < 24 hours)

配置cron定期执行rake dispatch_emails（在你的情况下<24小时）

#2

I would create a rake task in RAILS_ROOT/lib/tasks/email.rake

我会在RAILS_ROOT / lib / tasks / email.rake中创建一个rake任务

namespace :email do
  desc "send emails to contacts"
  task :send do
    Email.all.each do |email|
      # if start_date is a datetime or timestamp column
      contacts = Contact.all(:conditions => ["DATE(start_date) = ?", email.days.days.ago.to_date])
      # if start_date is a date column
      contacts = Contact.all(:conditions => { :start_date => email.days.days.ago.to_date })
      contacts.each do |contact|
        #code to send the email
      end
    end
  end
end

Then I would use a cronjob to call this rake task every day at 3 a.m.:

然后我会每天凌晨3点使用cronjob来调用这个rake任务：

0 3 * * * app_user cd RAILS_APP_FOLDER && RAILS_ENV=production rake email:send

#3

I think it would be much easier and more secure (you don't have to worry on authentication and so on) to create a rake task to send the emails. Also you don't have to worry about a possibly very long running request. Just create a file RAILS_ROOT/lib/tasks/email.rake

我认为创建一个rake任务来发送电子邮件会更容易，更安全（你不必担心身份验证等）。此外，您不必担心可能需要很长时间运行的请求。只需创建一个文件RAILS_ROOT / lib / tasks / email.rake

namespace :email do 
  desc "Sends scheduled emails"
  task :send_scheduled => :enviroment do 
    Email.send_scheduled_emails
  end
end

and in RAILS_ROOT/app/email.rb

在RAILS_ROOT / app / email.rb中

class Email < ActiveRecord::Base      
   # ...

   def self.send_scheduled_emails 
     #send your emails ...
   end
end

Then create a cron job

然后创建一个cron作业

0 0 * * * user cd /your/rails/app/ && RAILS_ENV=production rake emais:send_scheduled

to send the emails every night at 12:00.

每天晚上12点发送电子邮件。

#4

I am using rufus-scheduler for scheduled email and twitter updates. You should check it.

我正在使用rufus-scheduler进行预定的电子邮件和Twitter更新。你应该检查一下。

#5

I use ar_mailer gem

我使用ar_mailer gem

http://seattlerb.rubyforge.org/ar_mailer/
http://github.com/adzap/ar_mailer
http://blog.segment7.net/articles/2006/08/15/ar_mailer

http://seattlerb.rubyforge.org/ar_mailer/ http://github.com/adzap/ar_mailer http://blog.segment7.net/articles/2006/08/15/ar_mailer

#1