实际开发中个人觉得用的比较多是BaseAdapter,尽管使用起来比其他适配器有些麻烦,但是使用它却能实现很多自己喜欢的列表布局,比如ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等。它是直接继承自接口类Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter时需要重写很多方法,其中最重要的当属getView,因为这会涉及到ListView优化等问题,至于ListView优化问题本篇暂不作讨论。
BaseAdapter中需要实现一个继承自BaseAdapter的类,并且重写里面的很多方法,例如:
class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
{
private Context context;
public MyAdapter(Context context)
{
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
// How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.(在此适配器中所代表的数据集中的条目数)
return 0;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.(获取数据集中与指定索引对应的数据项)
return null;
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
// Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.(取在列表中与指定索引对应的行id)
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
return null;
} }
这里面主要是getView方法处理麻烦点,所以重点梳理下getView方法。
第一种:没有任何处理,不建议这样写。如果数据量少还将就,但是如果列表项数据量很大的时候,会每次都重新创建View,设置资源,严重影响性能,所以从一开始就不要用这种方式:
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView content= (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.content);
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
title.setText("Hello");
content.setText("world"); return item;
}
第二种ListView优化:通过缓存convertView,这种利用缓存contentView的方式可以判断如果缓存中不存在View才创建View,如果已经存在可以利用缓存中的View,提升了性能
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
if(convertView == null)
{
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
} ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img)
TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView content= (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.content);
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
title.setText("Hello");
content.setText("world"); return convertView;
}
注:mInflater是LayoutInflater对象一个实例,而LayoutInflater在Android中是“扩展”的意思,作用类似于findViewById(),不同的是LayoutInflater是用来获得布局文件对象的。
第三种ListView优化:通过convertView+ViewHolder来实现,ViewHolder就是一个静态类,使用 ViewHolder 的关键好处是缓存了显示数据的视图(View),加快了 UI 的响应速度。
当我们判断 convertView == null 的时候,如果为空,就会根据设计好的List的Item布局(XML),来为convertView赋值,并生成一个viewHolder来绑定converView里面的各个View控件(XML布局里面的那些控件)。再用convertView的setTag将viewHolder设置到Tag中,以便系统第二次绘制ListView时从Tag中取出。(看下面代码中)
如果convertView不为空的时候,就会直接用convertView的getTag(),来获得一个ViewHolder。
//在外面先定义,ViewHolder静态类
static class ViewHolder
{
public ImageView img;
public TextView title;
public TextView content;
}
//然后重写getView
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if(convertView == null)
{
holder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
holder.content = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.content);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
holder.title.setText("Hello");
holder.content.setText("World");
} return convertView;
}
下面是我写一个demo,直接上代码:
activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.baseadapterdemo.MainActivity" > <ListView
android:id="@+id/lv"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</ListView> </RelativeLayout>
list_item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" > <LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" > <ImageView
android:id="@+id/img"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="@dimen/activity_itle"
android:text="tv1" /> <TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="@dimen/activity_content"
android:text="tv2" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java:
package com.example.baseadapterdemo; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ListView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ListView listView = null;
public List<Map<String, Object>> data; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
data = getData(); MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
adapter.setData(data);
listView.setAdapter(adapter); } public List<Map<String, Object>> getData() {
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> map;
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("img", R.drawable.ic_launcher);
map.put("title", "标题");
map.put("content", "内容");
list.add(map);
}
return list;
} }
MyAdapter.java:
package com.example.baseadapterdemo; import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView; public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter { public LayoutInflater mInflater;
public Context mContext; List<Map<String, Object>>myData; public void setData(List<Map<String, Object>> A) {
this.myData = A;
} public MyAdapter(Context context) {
//根据context上下文加载布局
this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
mContext = context;
} public MyAdapter(Context context,List<Map<String, Object>> m_Data) {
//根据context上下文加载布局
this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
mContext = context;
this.myData = m_Data;
} @Override
public int getCount() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return myData.size();
} @Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return position;
} @Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return position;
} @Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null;
if (convertView == null) {
holder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
holder.imgView = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.img);
holder.title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
holder.content = (TextView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.textView2);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
holder.imgView.setBackgroundResource((Integer)myData.get(position).get("img"));
holder.title.setText((String)myData.get(position).get("title"));
holder.content.setText((String)myData.get(position).get("content"));
return convertView;
} public static class ViewHolder {
public ImageView imgView;
public TextView title;
public TextView content;
} }
运行效果: