from: http://www.lovelucy.info/openssl-aes-encryption.html
AES是一套对称密钥的密码术,目前已广泛使用,用于替代已经不够安全的DES算法。所谓对称密钥,就是说加密和解密用的是同一个密钥,消息的发送方和接收方在消息传递前需要享有这个密钥。和非对称密钥体系不同,这里的密钥是双方保密的,不会让任何第三方知道。
对称密钥加密法主要基于块加密,选取固定长度的密钥,去加密明文中固定长度的块,生成的密文块与明文块长度一样。显然密钥长度十分重要,块的长度也很重要。如果太短,则很容易枚举出所有的明文-密文映射;如果太长,性能则会急剧下降。AES中规定块长度为128 bit,而密钥长度可以选择128, 192或256 bit 。暴力破解密钥需要万亿年,这保证了AES的安全性。
AES的算法较为复杂,在此不细加阐述。下面是使用openssl进行AES加密和解密的示例程序:
[cpp] view plain copy- /*
- * aes.cc
- * - Show the usage of AES encryption/decryption
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <openssl/aes.h>
- int main(int argc, char** argv) {
- AES_KEY aes;
- unsigned char key[AES_BLOCK_SIZE]; // AES_BLOCK_SIZE = 16
- unsigned char iv[AES_BLOCK_SIZE]; // init vector
- unsigned char* input_string;
- unsigned char* encrypt_string;
- unsigned char* decrypt_string;
- unsigned int len; // encrypt length (in multiple of AES_BLOCK_SIZE)
- unsigned int i;
- // check usage
- if (argc != 2) {
- fprintf(stderr, "%s <plain text>\n", argv[0]);
- exit(-1);
- }
- // set the encryption length
- len = 0;
- if ((strlen(argv[1]) + 1) % AES_BLOCK_SIZE == 0) {
- len = strlen(argv[1]) + 1;
- } else {
- len = ((strlen(argv[1]) + 1) / AES_BLOCK_SIZE + 1) * AES_BLOCK_SIZE;
- }
- // set the input string
- input_string = (unsigned char*)calloc(len, sizeof(unsigned char));
- if (input_string == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for input_string\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- strncpy((char*)input_string, argv[1], strlen(argv[1]));
- // Generate AES 128-bit key
- for (i=0; i<16; ++i) {
- key[i] = 32 + i;
- }
- // Set encryption key
- for (i=0; i<AES_BLOCK_SIZE; ++i) {
- iv[i] = 0;
- }
- if (AES_set_encrypt_key(key, 128, &aes) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set encryption key in AES\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- // alloc encrypt_string
- encrypt_string = (unsigned char*)calloc(len, sizeof(unsigned char));
- if (encrypt_string == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for encrypt_string\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- // encrypt (iv will change)
- AES_cbc_encrypt(input_string, encrypt_string, len, &aes, iv, AES_ENCRYPT);
- // alloc decrypt_string
- decrypt_string = (unsigned char*)calloc(len, sizeof(unsigned char));
- if (decrypt_string == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for decrypt_string\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- // Set decryption key
- for (i=0; i<AES_BLOCK_SIZE; ++i) {
- iv[i] = 0;
- }
- if (AES_set_decrypt_key(key, 128, &aes) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set decryption key in AES\n");
- exit(-1);
- }
- // decrypt
- AES_cbc_encrypt(encrypt_string, decrypt_string, len, &aes, iv,
- AES_DECRYPT);
- printf("input_string = %s\n", input_string);
- printf("encrypted string = ");
- for (i=0; i<len; ++i) {
- printf("%x%x", (encrypt_string[i] >> 4) & 0xf,
- encrypt_string[i] & 0xf);
- }
- printf("\n");
- printf("decrypted string = %s\n", decrypt_string);
- return 0;
- }
编译Makefile:
[plain] view plain copy
- CC=g++
- CFLAGS=-Wall -g -O2
- LIBS=-lcrypto
- all: aes
- aes: aes.cc
- $(CC) $(CFLAGS) aes.cc -o $@ $(LIBS)
- clean:
- @rm -f aes