1.基本的读取配置文件
-read(filename) 直接读取ini文件内容
-sections() 得到所有的section,并以列表的形式返回
-options(section) 得到该section的所有option
-items(section) 得到该section的所有键值对
-get(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为string类型
-getint(section,option) 得到section中option的值,返回为int类型,还有相应的getboolean()和getfloat() 函数。
2.基本的写入配置文件
-add_section(section) 添加一个新的section
-set( section, option, value) 对section中的option进行设置,需要调用write将内容写入配置文件。
3.基本例子
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test.conf
[sec_a]
a_key1 = 20
a_key2 = 10
[sec_b]
b_key1 = 121
b_key2 = b_value2
b_key3 = $r
b_key4 = 127.0 . 0.1
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parse_test_conf.py
import ConfigParser
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
#read config
cf.read( "test.conf" )
# return all section
secs = cf.sections()
print 'sections:' , secs
opts = cf.options( "sec_a" )
print 'options:' , opts
kvs = cf.items( "sec_a" )
print 'sec_a:' , kvs
#read by type
str_val = cf.get( "sec_a" , "a_key1" )
int_val = cf.getint( "sec_a" , "a_key2" )
print "value for sec_a's a_key1:" , str_val
print "value for sec_a's a_key2:" , int_val
#write config
#update value
cf. set ( "sec_b" , "b_key3" , "new-$r" )
#set a new value
cf. set ( "sec_b" , "b_newkey" , "new-value" )
#create a new section
cf.add_section( 'a_new_section' )
cf. set ( 'a_new_section' , 'new_key' , 'new_value' )
#write back to configure file
cf.write( open ( "test.conf" , "w" ))
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得到终端输出:
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sections: [ 'sec_b' , 'sec_a' ]
options: [ 'a_key1' , 'a_key2' ]
sec_a: [( 'a_key1' , "i'm value" ), ('a_key2 ', ' 22 ')]
value for sec_a 's a_key1: i' m value
value for sec_a's a_key2: 22
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更新后的test.conf
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[sec_b]
b_newkey = new - value
b_key4 = 127.0 . 0.1
b_key1 = 121
b_key2 = b_value2
b_key3 = new - $r
[sec_a]
a_key1 = i'm value
a_key2 = 22
[a_new_section]
new_key = new_value
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4.Python的ConfigParser Module中定义了3个类对INI文件进行操作。分别是RawConfigParser、ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser。RawCnfigParser是最基础的INI文件读取类,ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser支持对%(value)s变量的解析。
设定配置文件test2.conf
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[portal]
url = http: / / % (host)s: % (port)s / Portal
host = localhost
port = 8080
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使用RawConfigParser:
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import ConfigParser
cf = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
print "use RawConfigParser() read"
cf.read( "test2.conf" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url" )
print "use RawConfigParser() write"
cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" )
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得到终端输出:
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use RawConfigParser() read
http: / / % (host)s: % (port)s / Portal
use RawConfigParser() write
% (host)s: % (port)s
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改用ConfigParser:
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import ConfigParser
cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
print "use ConfigParser() read"
cf.read( "test2.conf" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url" )
print "use ConfigParser() write"
cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" )
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得到终端输出:
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use ConfigParser() read
http: / / localhost: 8080 / Portal
use ConfigParser() write
localhost: 8080
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改用SafeConfigParser:
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import ConfigParser
cf = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser()
print "use SafeConfigParser() read"
cf.read( "test2.conf" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url" )
print "use SateConfigParser() write"
cf. set ( "portal" , "url2" , "%(host)s:%(port)s" )
print cf.get( "portal" , "url2" )
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得到终端输出(效果同ConfigParser):
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use SafeConfigParser() read
http: / / localhost: 8080 / Portal
use SateConfigParser() write
localhost: 8080
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