堡垒机之paramiko模块

时间:2021-01-27 06:58:32
一、paramiko简单介绍

场景预设:

很多运维人员平时进行维护linux/unix主机时候,无非通过ssh到相应主机操作,那么一旦主机有成千上百台,那该如何应对,这时候我们需要批处理工具,基于python的工具有ansible、salt,而ansible的核心则是基于paramiko。

安装:

pip install paramiko或 easy_install paramiko

paramiko依赖第三方的Crypto,Ecdsa和pyhton-devel

核心组件:

SSHclient类
方法:

connect():远程ssh连接并作校验

参数:

  • hostname 连接的目标主机
  • port=SSH_PORT 指定端口
  • username=None 验证的用户名
  • password=None 验证的用户密码
  • pkey=None 私钥方式用于身份验证
  • key_filename=None 一个文件名或文件名列表,指定私钥文件
  • timeout=None 可选的tcp连接超时时间
  • allow_agent=True 是否允许连接到ssh代理,默认为True 允许
  • look_for_keys=True 是否在~/.ssh中搜索私钥文件,默认为True 允许
  • compress=False 是否打开压缩
  • sock=None
  • gss_auth=False
  • gss_kex=False
  • gss_deleg_creds=True
  • gss_host=None
  • banner_timeout=None

exec_command():用于远程执行命令,该命令的输入与输出流为标准输入、标出输出、标准错误输出

参数:

  • command 执行的命令
  • bufsize=-1 文件缓冲区大小
  • timeout=None 设置超时时间
  • get_pty=False

load_system_host_key():装载系统公钥,默认为~/.ssh/known_hosts

参数:

  • filename=None 指定本地公钥文件

set_missing_host_key_policy():设置连接的远程主机没有本地主机密钥或HostKeys对象时的策略,目前支持三种,也就是参数只有三个。

参数:

  • AutoAddPolicy 自动添加主机名及主机密钥到本地的known_hosts,不依赖load_system_host_key的配置。即新建立ssh连接时不需要再输入yes或no进行确认
  • WarningPolicy 用于记录一个未知的主机密钥的python警告。并接受,功能上和AutoAddPolicy类似,但是会提示是新连接
  • RejectPolicy 自动拒绝未知的主机名和密钥,依赖load_system_host_key的配置。此为默认选项

  用法:
  set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

SFTPClient类

SFTPCLient作为一个sftp的客户端对象,根据ssh传输协议的sftp会话,实现远程文件操作,如上传、下载。

方法:

  • from_transport(cls,t) 创建一个已连通的SFTP客户端通道
  • put(localpath, remotepath, callback=None, confirm=True) 将本地文件上传到服务器 参数confirm:是否调用stat()方法检查文件状态,返回ls -l的结果
  • get(remotepath, localpath, callback=None) 从服务器下载文件到本地
  • mkdir() 在服务器上创建目录
  • remove() 在服务器上删除目录
  • rename() 在服务器上重命名目录
  • stat() 查看服务器文件状态
  • listdir() 列出服务器目录下的文件
二、使用paramiko远程执行命令

1.使用用户名、密码直接远程登陆demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
import paramiko
host='10.0.0.241'
username='root'
passwd='1234qwer'
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()#创建SSH对象
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_host
ssh.connect(hostname=host,username=username,password=passwd,)#连接主机
paramiko.util.log_to_file('tran.log')#设置登陆数据传输日志
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig',timeout=10)#执行命令设置超时时间
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read()
res=stdout if stdout else stderr
print(res.decode())
ssh.close()#关闭连接

2.使用公钥私钥远程连接

demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
host='172.16.11.35'
username='root' import paramiko
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())#设置自动添加known_hosts,一定要在connection之前
ssh.connect(username=username,hostname=host,pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa'))
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('ifconfig')
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read()
res=stdout if stdout else stderr
print(res.decode())

3.使用SSHclient封装transport

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
host=('172.16.11.35',22)
user='root'
passwd='1234qwer'
import paramiko
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port
tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd)
ssh=paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport=tran
stdin,stdout,stderr=ssh.exec_command('df -h')
stdout,stderr=stdout.read(),stderr.read()
res=stdout if stdout else stderr
print(res.decode())
tran.close()

私钥是字符串:

import paramiko
from io import StringIO key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read() transport.close() print(result)
三、使用paramiko上传、下载文件

下载上传,使用SSHclient封装的Transport,注意(连接建立完成以后需要关闭通道tran.close())

通过用户名密码demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
host=('172.16.11.35',22)
user='root'
passwd='1234qwer'
import paramiko
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port
tran.connect(username=user,password=passwd)
sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran)
status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件
sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件
print(status)#打印传输状态
tran.close()#关闭连接

通过公钥私钥方式demo:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
#Author:wd
import paramiko
host=('172.16.11.35',22)
user='root'
private_key=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/fangchaoliu/.ssh/id_rsa')
tran=paramiko.Transport(host)#host是一个tuple,分别是主机和port
tran.connect(username=user,pkey=private_key)
sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(tran)
status=sftp.put('socket_client.py','/usr/local/socket_client.py')#上传文件
sftp.get('/root/skip.sh','skip.sh')#下载文件
print(status)#打印传输状态
tran.close()#关闭连接

简单跳板机实现:

import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios...
try:
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else:
windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan):
import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True:
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
if flag:
if x.startswith('\r\n'):
pass
else:
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
import json if len(x) == 0:
break if x == '\t':
flag = True
else:
temp_list.append(x)
if x == '\r':
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x) finally:
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan):
import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start() try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len(username) == 0:
username = default_username hostname = input('Hostname: ')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('*** Hostname required.')
sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
tran.start_client() default_auth = "p"
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len(auth) == 0:
auth = default_auth if auth == 'r':
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len(path) == 0:
path = default_path
try:
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else:
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close()
tran.close() if __name__ == '__main__':
run()

demo

带密钥方式:

import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass from paramiko.py3compat import u # windows does not have termios...
try:
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else:
windows_shell(chan) def posix_shell(chan):
import select oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout(0.0)
log = open('handle.log', 'a+', encoding='utf-8')
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True:
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try:
x = u(chan.recv(1024))
if len(x) == 0:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')
break
if flag:
if x.startswith('\r\n'):
pass
else:
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read(1)
import json if len(x) == 0:
break if x == '\t':
flag = True
else:
temp_list.append(x)
if x == '\r':
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x) finally:
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty) def windows_shell(chan):
import threading sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") def writeall(sock):
while True:
data = sock.recv(256)
if not data:
sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush() writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
writer.start() try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input('Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len(username) == 0:
username = default_username hostname = input('Hostname: ')
if len(hostname) == 0:
print('*** Hostname required.')
sys.exit(1) tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22,))
tran.start_client() default_auth = "p"
auth = input('Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len(auth) == 0:
auth = default_auth if auth == 'r':
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len(path) == 0:
path = default_path
try:
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else:
pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw) # 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell() interactive_shell(chan) chan.close()
tran.close() if __name__ == '__main__':
run()

demo